MySQL 8.0 Reference ManualMySQL 8.0参考手册

Table of Contents目录

Preface and Legal Notices前言和法律声明

1 General Information一般信息

1.1 About This Manual关于本手册

1.2 Overview of the MySQL Database Management SystemMySQL数据库管理系统概述

1.2.1 What is MySQL?MySQL是什么？

1.2.2 The Main Features of MySQLMySQL的主要特性

1.2.3 History of MySQLMySQL历史

1.3 What Is New in MySQL 8.0MySQL 8.0的新增功能

1.4 Server and Status Variables and Options Added, Deprecated, or Removed in MySQL 8.0MySQL 8.0中添加、弃用或删除的服务器和状态变量及选项

1.5 MySQL Information SourcesMySQL信息源

1.6 How to Report Bugs or Problems如何报告错误或问题

1.7 MySQL Standards ComplianceMySQL标准遵从性

1.7.1 MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL标准SQL的MySQL扩展

1.7.2 MySQL Differences from Standard SQLMySQL与标准SQL的区别

1.7.3 How MySQL Deals with ConstraintsMySQL如何处理约束

1.8 Credits信用

1.8.1 Contributors to MySQLMySQL贡献者

1.8.2 Documenters and translators资料员和翻译

1.8.3 Packages that support MySQL支持MySQL的包

1.8.4 Tools that were used to create MySQL用于创建MySQL的工具

1.8.5 Supporters of MySQLMySQL的支持者

2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL安装和升级MySQL

2.1 General Installation Guidance一般安装指南

2.1.1 Supported Platforms支持的平台

2.1.2 Which MySQL Version and Distribution to Install安装哪个MySQL版本和发行版

2.1.3 How to Get MySQL如何获取MySQL

2.1.4 Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG使用MD5校验和或GnuPG验证包完整性

2.1.5 Installation Layouts安装布局

2.1.6 Compiler-Specific Build Characteristics编译器特定的生成特征

2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries使用通用二进制文件在Unix/Linux上安装MySQL

2.3 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows在Microsoft Windows上安装MySQL

2.3.1 MySQL Installation Layout on Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows上的MySQL安装布局

2.3.2 Choosing an Installation Package选择安装包

2.3.3 MySQL Installer for WindowsMySQL Windows安装程序

2.3.4 Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows Using a noinstall ZIP Archive使用noinstall ZIP存档在Microsoft Windows上安装MySQL

2.3.5 Troubleshooting a Microsoft Windows MySQL Server InstallationMicrosoft Windows MySQL Server安装故障排除

2.3.6 Windows Postinstallation ProceduresWindows安装后过程

2.3.7 Windows Platform RestrictionsWindows平台限制

2.4 Installing MySQL on macOS在macOS上安装MySQL

2.4.1 General Notes on Installing MySQL on macOS在macOS上安装MySQL的一般说明

2.4.2 Installing MySQL on macOS Using Native Packages使用本机软件包在macOS上安装MySQL

2.4.3 Installing and Using the MySQL Launch Daemon安装和使用MySQL启动守护程序

2.4.4 Installing and Using the MySQL Preference Pane安装和使用MySQL首选项窗格

2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux在Linux上安装MySQL

2.5.1 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository使用MySQL-Yum存储库在Linux上安装MySQL

2.5.2 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL APT Repository使用MySQL APT库在Linux上安装MySQL

2.5.3 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL SLES Repository使用MySQL SLES存储库在Linux上安装MySQL

2.5.4 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle使用Oracle的RPM包在Linux上安装MySQL

2.5.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using Debian Packages from Oracle使用Oracle的Debian软件包在Linux上安装MySQL

2.5.6 Deploying MySQL on Linux with Docker用Docker在Linux上部署MySQL

2.5.7 Installing MySQL on Linux from the Native Software Repositories从本机软件存储库在Linux上安装MySQL

2.5.8 Installing MySQL on Linux with Juju用Juju在Linux上安装MySQL

2.5.9 Managing MySQL Server with systemd用systemd管理MySQL服务器

2.6 Installing MySQL Using Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN)使用Unbreakable Linux Network（ULN）安装MySQL

2.7 Installing MySQL on Solaris在Solaris上安装MySQL

2.7.1 Installing MySQL on Solaris Using a Solaris PKG使用Solaris包在Solaris上安装MySQL

2.8 Installing MySQL on FreeBSD在FreeBSD上安装MySQL

2.9 Installing MySQL from Source从源代码安装MySQL

2.9.1 Source Installation Methods源安装方法

2.9.2 Source Installation Prerequisites源安装先决条件

2.9.3 MySQL Layout for Source Installation源代码安装的MySQL布局

2.9.4 Installing MySQL Using a Standard Source Distribution使用标准源代码发行版安装MySQL

2.9.5 Installing MySQL Using a Development Source Tree使用开发源代码树安装MySQL

2.9.6 Configuring SSL Library Support配置SSL库支持

2.9.7 MySQL Source-Configuration OptionsMySQL源配置选项

2.9.8 Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL处理编译MySQL时遇到的问题

2.9.9 MySQL Configuration and Third-Party ToolsMySQL配置和第三方工具

2.9.10 Generating MySQL Doxygen Documentation Content生成MySQL Doxygen文档内容

2.10 Postinstallation Setup and Testing安装后设置和测试

2.10.1 Initializing the Data Directory初始化数据目录

2.10.2 Starting the Server启动服务器

2.10.3 Testing the Server测试服务器

2.10.4 Securing the Initial MySQL Account保护初始MySQL帐户

2.10.5 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically自动启动和停止MySQL

2.11 Upgrading MySQL升级MySQL

2.11.1 Before You Begin开始之前

2.11.2 Upgrade Paths升级路径

2.11.3 What the MySQL Upgrade Process UpgradesMySQL的升级过程是什么

2.11.4 Changes in MySQL 8.0MySQL 8.0的变化

2.11.5 Preparing Your Installation for Upgrade准备升级安装

2.11.6 Upgrading MySQL Binary or Package-based Installations on Unix/Linux在Unix/Linux上升级MySQL二进制或基于包的安装

2.11.7 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL Yum Repository使用MySQL-Yum存储库升级MySQL

2.11.8 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL APT Repository使用MySQL-APT库升级MySQL

2.11.9 Upgrading MySQL with the MySQL SLES Repository使用MySQL-SLES存储库升级MySQL

2.11.10 Upgrading MySQL on Windows在Windows上升级MySQL

2.11.11 Upgrading a Docker Installation of MySQL升级MySQL的Docker安装

2.11.12 Upgrade Troubleshooting升级疑难解答

2.11.13 Rebuilding or Repairing Tables or Indexes重建或修复表或索引

2.11.14 Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine将MySQL数据库复制到另一台计算机

2.12 Downgrading MySQL降级MySQL

2.13 Perl Installation NotesPerl安装说明

2.13.1 Installing Perl on Unix在Unix上安装Perl

2.13.2 Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows在Windows上安装ActiveState Perl

2.13.3 Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface使用Perl-DBI/DBD接口时出现的问题

3 Tutorial教程

3.1 Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server连接到服务器和断开与服务器的连接

3.2 Entering Queries输入查询

3.3 Creating and Using a Database创建和使用数据库

3.3.1 Creating and Selecting a Database创建和选择数据库

3.3.2 Creating a Table创建表

3.3.3 Loading Data into a Table将数据加载到表中

3.3.4 Retrieving Information from a Table从表中检索信息

3.4 Getting Information About Databases and Tables获取有关数据库和表的信息

3.5 Using mysql in Batch Mode在批处理模式下使用mysql

3.6 Examples of Common Queries常见查询示例

3.6.1 The Maximum Value for a Column列的最大值

3.6.2 The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column包含某一列最大值的行

3.6.3 Maximum of Column per Group每组最大列数

3.6.4 The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Column包含某列的按组最大值的行

3.6.5 Using User-Defined Variables使用用户定义变量

3.6.6 Using Foreign Keys使用外键

3.6.7 Searching on Two Keys搜索两个键

3.6.8 Calculating Visits Per Day计算每天的访问量

3.6.9 Using AUTO_INCREMENT使用自动增量

3.7 Using MySQL with Apache将MySQL与Apache结合使用

4 MySQL ProgramsMySQL程序

4.1 Overview of MySQL ProgramsMySQL程序概述

4.2 Using MySQL Programs使用MySQL程序

4.2.1 Invoking MySQL Programs调用MySQL程序

4.2.2 Specifying Program Options指定程序选项

4.2.3 Command Options for Connecting to the Server用于连接到服务器的命令选项

4.2.4 Connecting to the MySQL Server Using Command Options使用命令选项连接到MySQL服务器

4.2.5 Connecting to the Server Using URI-Like Strings or Key-Value Pairs使用类似URI的字符串或键值对连接到服务器

4.2.6 Connecting to the Server Using DNS SRV Records使用DNS SRV记录连接到服务器

4.2.7 Connection Transport Protocols连接传输协议

4.2.8 Connection Compression Control连接压缩控制

4.2.9 Setting Environment Variables设置环境变量

4.3 Server and Server-Startup Programs服务器和服务器启动程序

4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL ServerMySQL服务器

4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup ScriptMySQL服务器启动脚本

4.3.3 mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup ScriptMySQL服务器启动脚本

4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers管理多个MySQL服务器

4.4 Installation-Related Programs安装相关程序

4.4.1 comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File编译MySQL错误消息文件

4.4.2 mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security提高MySQL安装安全性

4.4.3 mysql_ssl_rsa_setup — Create SSL/RSA Files创建SSL/RSA文件

4.4.4 mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables加载时区表

4.4.5 mysql_upgrade — Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables检查并升级MySQL表

4.5 Client Programs客户端程序

4.5.1 mysql — The MySQL Command-Line ClientMySQL命令行客户端

4.5.2 mysqladmin — A MySQL Server Administration ProgramMySQL服务器管理程序

4.5.3 mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program表维护程序

4.5.4 mysqldump — A Database Backup Program数据库备份程序

4.5.5 mysqlimport — A Data Import Program数据导入程序

4.5.6 mysqlpump — A Database Backup Program数据库备份程序

4.5.7 mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information显示数据库、表和列信息

4.5.8 mysqlslap — A Load Emulation Client负载模拟客户机

4.6 Administrative and Utility Programs行政和公用事业计划

4.6.1 ibd2sdi — InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction UtilityInnoDB表空间SDI提取实用程序

4.6.2 innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility脱机InnoDB文件校验和实用程序

4.6.3 myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information显示全文索引信息

4.6.4 myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance UtilityMyISAM表维护实用程序

4.6.5 myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents显示MyISAM日志文件内容

4.6.6 myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables生成压缩的只读MyISAM表

4.6.7 mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration UtilityMySQL配置实用程序

4.6.8 mysql_migrate_keyring — Keyring Key Migration UtilityKeyring密钥迁移实用程序

4.6.9 mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files用于处理二进制日志文件的实用程序

4.6.10 mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files汇总查询日志文件

4.7 Program Development Utilities程序开发实用程序

4.7.1 mysql_config — Display Options for Compiling Clients显示编译客户端的选项

4.7.2 my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files显示选项文件中的选项

4.8 Miscellaneous Programs杂项程序

4.8.1 lz4_decompress — Decompress mysqlpump LZ4-Compressed Output解压泵LZ4压缩输出

4.8.2 perror — Display MySQL Error Message Information显示MySQL错误消息信息

4.8.3 zlib_decompress — Decompress mysqlpump ZLIB-Compressed Output解压缩mysqlpump ZLIB压缩输出

4.9 Environment Variables环境变量

4.10 Unix Signal Handling in MySQLMySQL中的Unix信号处理

5 MySQL Server AdministrationMySQL服务器管理

5.1 The MySQL ServerMySQL服务器

5.1.1 Configuring the Server配置服务器

5.1.2 Server Configuration Defaults服务器配置默认值

5.1.3 Server Configuration Validation服务器配置验证

5.1.4 Server Option, System Variable, and Status Variable Reference服务器选项、系统变量和状态变量引用

5.1.5 Server System Variable Reference服务器系统变量引用

5.1.6 Server Status Variable Reference服务器状态变量引用

5.1.7 Server Command Options服务器命令选项

5.1.8 Server System Variables服务器系统变量

5.1.9 Using System Variables使用系统变量

5.1.10 Server Status Variables服务器状态变量

5.1.11 Server SQL Modes服务器SQL模式

5.1.12 Connection Management连接管理

5.1.13 IPv6 SupportIPv6支持

5.1.14 Network Namespace Support网络命名空间支持

5.1.15 MySQL Server Time Zone SupportMySQL服务器时区支持

5.1.16 Resource Groups资源组

5.1.17 Server-Side Help Support服务器端帮助支持

5.1.18 Server Tracking of Client Session State Changes服务器跟踪客户端会话状态更改

5.1.19 The Server Shutdown Process服务器关闭过程

5.2 The MySQL Data DirectoryMySQL数据目录

5.3 The mysql System Schemamysql系统架构

5.4 MySQL Server LogsMySQL服务器日志

5.4.1 Selecting General Query Log and Slow Query Log Output Destinations选择常规查询日志和慢速查询日志输出目标

5.4.2 The Error Log错误日志

5.4.3 The General Query Log常规查询日志

5.4.4 The Binary Log二进制日志

5.4.5 The Slow Query Log缓慢的查询日志

5.4.6 Server Log Maintenance服务器日志维护

5.5 MySQL ComponentsMySQL组件

5.5.1 Installing and Uninstalling Components安装和卸载组件

5.5.2 Obtaining Component Information获取组件信息

5.5.3 Error Log Components错误日志组件

5.5.4 Query Attribute Components查询属性组件

5.6 MySQL Server PluginsMySQL服务器插件

5.6.1 Installing and Uninstalling Plugins安装和卸载插件

5.6.2 Obtaining Server Plugin Information获取服务器插件信息

5.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Thread PoolMySQL企业线程池

5.6.4 The Rewriter Query Rewrite Plugin重写器查询重写插件

5.6.5 The ddl_rewriter Pluginddl_rewriter插件

5.6.6 Version Tokens版本标记

5.6.7 The Clone Plugin克隆插件

5.6.8 The Keyring Proxy Bridge PluginKeyring代理桥插件

5.6.9 MySQL Plugin ServicesMySQL插件服务

5.7 MySQL Server Loadable FunctionsMySQL Server可加载函数

5.7.1 Installing and Uninstalling Loadable Functions安装和卸载可加载函数

5.7.2 Obtaining Information About Loadable Functions获取有关可加载函数的信息

5.8 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine在一台计算机上运行多个MySQL实例

5.8.1 Setting Up Multiple Data Directories设置多个数据目录

5.8.2 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Windows在Windows上运行多个MySQL实例

5.8.3 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on Unix在Unix上运行多个MySQL实例

5.8.4 Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment在多服务器环境中使用客户端程序

5.9 Debugging MySQL调试MySQL

5.9.1 Debugging a MySQL Server调试MySQL服务器

5.9.2 Debugging a MySQL Client调试MySQL客户端

5.9.3 The LOCK_ORDER Tool锁定命令工具

5.9.4 The DBUG PackageDBUG包

6 Security安全性

6.1 General Security Issues一般安全性问题

6.1.1 Security Guidelines安全性指南

6.1.2 Keeping Passwords Secure确保密码安全

6.1.3 Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers提高MySQL的安全性以抵御攻击者

6.1.4 Security-Related mysqld Options and Variables与安全相关的mysqld选项和变量

6.1.5 How to Run MySQL as a Normal User如何以普通用户身份运行MySQL

6.1.6 Security Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL本地加载数据的安全注意事项

6.1.7 Client Programming Security Guidelines客户端编程安全指南

6.2 Access Control and Account Management访问控制和帐户管理

6.2.1 Account User Names and Passwords帐户用户名和密码

6.2.2 Privileges Provided by MySQLMySQL提供的权限

6.2.3 Grant Tables授权表

6.2.4 Specifying Account Names指定帐户名

6.2.5 Specifying Role Names指定角色名

6.2.6 Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification访问控制，第1阶段：连接验证

6.2.7 Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification访问控制，第2阶段：请求验证

6.2.8 Adding Accounts, Assigning Privileges, and Dropping Accounts添加帐户、分配权限和删除帐户

6.2.9 Reserved Accounts保留帐户

6.2.10 Using Roles使用角色

6.2.11 Account Categories帐户类别

6.2.12 Privilege Restriction Using Partial Revokes使用部分撤销的权限限制

6.2.13 When Privilege Changes Take Effect权限更改生效时

6.2.14 Assigning Account Passwords分配帐户密码

6.2.15 Password Management密码管理

6.2.16 Server Handling of Expired Passwords服务器处理过期密码

6.2.17 Pluggable Authentication可插入身份验证

6.2.18 Proxy Users代理用户

6.2.19 Account Locking帐户锁定

6.2.20 Setting Account Resource Limits设置帐户资源限制

6.2.21 Troubleshooting Problems Connecting to MySQLMySQL连接故障排除

6.2.22 SQL-Based Account Activity Auditing基于SQL的帐户活动审核

6.3 Using Encrypted Connections使用加密连接

6.3.1 Configuring MySQL to Use Encrypted Connections配置MySQL以使用加密连接

6.3.2 Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers加密连接TLS协议和密码

6.3.3 Creating SSL and RSA Certificates and Keys创建SSL和RSA证书和密钥

6.3.4 Connecting to MySQL Remotely from Windows with SSH用SSH从Windows远程连接MySQL

6.4 Security Components and Plugins安全组件和插件

6.4.1 Authentication Plugins身份验证插件

6.4.2 The Connection-Control Plugins连接控制插件

6.4.3 The Password Validation Component密码验证组件

6.4.4 The MySQL KeyringMySQL钥匙圈

6.4.5 MySQL Enterprise AuditMySQL企业审计

6.4.6 The Audit Message Component审核消息组件

6.4.7 MySQL Enterprise FirewallMySQL企业防火墙

6.5 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-IdentificationMySQL企业数据屏蔽和反识别

6.5.1 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification ElementsMySQL企业数据屏蔽和反标识元素

6.5.2 Installing or Uninstalling MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification安装或卸载MySQL企业数据屏蔽和反标识

6.5.3 Using MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification使用MySQL企业数据屏蔽和反识别

6.5.4 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Function ReferenceMySQL企业数据屏蔽和反标识函数参考

6.5.5 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification Function DescriptionsMySQL企业数据屏蔽和反标识函数描述

6.6 MySQL Enterprise EncryptionMySQL企业加密

6.6.1 MySQL Enterprise Encryption InstallationMySQL企业加密安装

6.6.2 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Usage and ExamplesMySQL企业加密用法及示例

6.6.3 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Function ReferenceMySQL企业加密函数参考

6.6.4 MySQL Enterprise Encryption Function DescriptionsMySQL企业加密函数说明

6.7 SELinux

6.7.1 Check if SELinux is Enabled检查SELinux是否启用

6.7.2 Changing the SELinux Mode更改SELinux模式

6.7.3 MySQL Server SELinux PoliciesMySQL Server SELinux策略

6.7.4 SELinux File ContextSELinux文件上下文

6.7.5 SELinux TCP Port ContextSELinux TCP端口上下文

6.7.6 Troubleshooting SELinuxSELinux故障排除

6.8 FIPS SupportFIPS支持

7 Backup and Recovery备份和恢复

7.1 Backup and Recovery Types备份和恢复类型

7.2 Database Backup Methods数据库备份方法

7.3 Example Backup and Recovery Strategy备份和恢复策略示例

7.3.1 Establishing a Backup Policy建立备份策略

7.3.2 Using Backups for Recovery使用备份进行恢复

7.3.3 Backup Strategy Summary备份策略摘要

7.4 Using mysqldump for Backups使用mysqldump进行备份

7.4.1 Dumping Data in SQL Format with mysqldump使用mysqldump转储SQL格式的数据

7.4.2 Reloading SQL-Format Backups导入SQL备份文件

7.4.3 Dumping Data in Delimited-Text Format with mysqldump使用mysqldump以分隔文本格式转储数据

7.4.4 Reloading Delimited-Text Format Backups重新加载分隔文本格式备份

7.4.5 mysqldump Tipsmysqldump提示

7.5 Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery时间点（增量）恢复

7.5.1 Point-in-Time Recovery Using Binary Log使用二进制日志的时间点恢复

7.5.2 Point-in-Time Recovery Using Event Positions使用事件位置的时间点恢复

7.6 MyISAM Table Maintenance and Crash RecoveryMyISAM表维护和崩溃恢复

7.6.1 Using myisamchk for Crash Recovery使用myisamchk进行崩溃恢复

7.6.2 How to Check MyISAM Tables for Errors如何检查MyISAM表的错误

7.6.3 How to Repair MyISAM Tables如何修复MyISAM表

7.6.4 MyISAM Table OptimizationMyISAM表优化

7.6.5 Setting Up a MyISAM Table Maintenance Schedule设置MyISAM表维护计划

8 Optimization优化

8.1 Optimization Overview优化概述

8.2 Optimizing SQL Statements优化SQL语句

8.2.1 Optimizing SELECT Statements优化SELECT语句

8.2.2 Optimizing Subqueries, Derived Tables, View References, and Common Table Expressions优化子查询、派生表、视图引用和公共表表达式

8.2.3 Optimizing INFORMATION_SCHEMA Queries用SCHEMA查询优化信息

8.2.4 Optimizing Performance Schema Queries优化性能架构查询

8.2.5 Optimizing Data Change Statements优化数据更改语句

8.2.6 Optimizing Database Privileges优化数据库权限

8.2.7 Other Optimization Tips其他优化提示

8.3 Optimization and Indexes优化与索引

8.3.1 How MySQL Uses IndexesMySQL如何使用索引

8.3.2 Primary Key Optimization主键优化

8.3.3 SPATIAL Index Optimization空间索引优化

8.3.4 Foreign Key Optimization外键优化

8.3.5 Column Indexes列索引

8.3.6 Multiple-Column Indexes多列索引

8.3.7 Verifying Index Usage验证索引用法

8.3.8 InnoDB and MyISAM Index Statistics CollectionInnoDB和MyISAM索引统计集合

8.3.9 Comparison of B-Tree and Hash IndexesB-树和散列索引的比较

8.3.10 Use of Index Extensions索引扩展的使用

8.3.11 Optimizer Use of Generated Column Indexes优化器使用生成的列索引

8.3.12 Invisible Indexes不可见索引

8.3.13 Descending Indexes降序索引

8.3.14 Indexed Lookups from TIMESTAMP Columns从时间戳列进行索引查找

8.4 Optimizing Database Structure优化数据库结构

8.4.1 Optimizing Data Size优化数据大小

8.4.2 Optimizing MySQL Data Types优化MySQL数据类型

8.4.3 Optimizing for Many Tables为多个表优化

8.4.4 Internal Temporary Table Use in MySQLMySQL中内部临时表的使用

8.4.5 Limits on Number of Databases and Tables数据库和表的数量限制

8.4.6 Limits on Table Size表大小限制

8.4.7 Limits on Table Column Count and Row Size表列计数和行大小限制

8.5 Optimizing for InnoDB TablesInnoDB表的优化

8.5.1 Optimizing Storage Layout for InnoDB Tables优化InnoDB表的存储布局

8.5.2 Optimizing InnoDB Transaction Management优化InnoDB事务管理

8.5.3 Optimizing InnoDB Read-Only Transactions优化InnoDB只读事务

8.5.4 Optimizing InnoDB Redo Logging优化InnoDB Redo日志

8.5.5 Bulk Data Loading for InnoDB TablesInnoDB表的批量数据加载

8.5.6 Optimizing InnoDB Queries优化InnoDB查询

8.5.7 Optimizing InnoDB DDL Operations优化InnoDB DDL操作

8.5.8 Optimizing InnoDB Disk I/O优化InnoDB磁盘I/O

8.5.9 Optimizing InnoDB Configuration Variables优化InnoDB配置变量

8.5.10 Optimizing InnoDB for Systems with Many Tables多表系统的InnoDB优化

8.6 Optimizing for MyISAM Tables优化MyISAM表

8.6.1 Optimizing MyISAM Queries优化MyISAM查询

8.6.2 Bulk Data Loading for MyISAM TablesMyISAM表的批量数据加载

8.6.3 Optimizing REPAIR TABLE Statements优化修复表语句

8.7 Optimizing for MEMORY Tables优化内存表

8.8 Understanding the Query Execution Plan了解查询执行计划

8.8.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN使用EXPLAIN优化查询

8.8.2 EXPLAIN Output Format解释输出格式

8.8.3 Extended EXPLAIN Output Format扩展解释输出格式

8.8.4 Obtaining Execution Plan Information for a Named Connection获取命名连接的执行计划信息

8.8.5 Estimating Query Performance估计查询性能

8.9 Controlling the Query Optimizer控制查询优化器

8.9.1 Controlling Query Plan Evaluation控制查询计划评估

8.9.2 Switchable Optimizations可切换优化

8.9.3 Optimizer Hints优化器提示

8.9.4 Index Hints索引提示

8.9.5 The Optimizer Cost Model优化器成本模型

8.9.6 Optimizer Statistics优化器统计信息

8.10 Buffering and Caching缓冲和缓存

8.10.1 InnoDB Buffer Pool OptimizationInnoDB缓冲池优化

8.10.2 The MyISAM Key CacheMyISAM密钥缓存

8.10.3 Caching of Prepared Statements and Stored Programs预处理语句和存储程序的缓存

8.11 Optimizing Locking Operations优化锁定操作

8.11.1 Internal Locking Methods内部锁定方法

8.11.2 Table Locking Issues表锁定问题

8.11.3 Concurrent Inserts并发插入

8.11.4 Metadata Locking元数据锁定

8.11.5 External Locking外部锁定

8.12 Optimizing the MySQL Server优化MySQL服务器

8.12.1 Optimizing Disk I/O优化磁盘I/O

8.12.2 Using Symbolic Links使用符号链接

8.12.3 Optimizing Memory Use优化内存使用

8.13 Measuring Performance (Benchmarking)衡量绩效（基准）

8.13.1 Measuring the Speed of Expressions and Functions测量表达式和函数的速度

8.13.2 Using Your Own Benchmarks使用自己的基准

8.13.3 Measuring Performance with performance_schema用绩效模式衡量绩效

8.14 Examining Server Thread (Process) Information检查服务器线程（进程）信息

8.14.1 Accessing the Process List访问进程列表

8.14.2 Thread Command Values线程命令值

8.14.3 General Thread States常规线程状态

8.14.4 Replication Source Thread States复制源线程状态

8.14.5 Replication I/O Thread States复制I/O线程状态

8.14.6 Replication SQL Thread States复制SQL线程状态

8.14.7 Replication Connection Thread States复制连接线程状态

8.14.8 NDB Cluster Thread StatesNDB群集线程状态

8.14.9 Event Scheduler Thread States事件计划程序线程状态

9 Language Structure语言结构

9.1 Literal Values文字值

9.1.1 String Literals字符串文字

9.1.2 Numeric Literals数字文字

9.1.3 Date and Time Literals日期和时间文字

9.1.4 Hexadecimal Literals十六进制文字

9.1.5 Bit-Value Literals位值文字

9.1.6 Boolean Literals布尔型常量

9.1.7 NULL Values空值

9.2 Schema Object Names架构对象名称

9.2.1 Identifier Length Limits标识符长度限制

9.2.2 Identifier Qualifiers标识符限定符

9.2.3 Identifier Case Sensitivity标识符区分大小写

9.2.4 Mapping of Identifiers to File Names标识符到文件名的映射

9.2.5 Function Name Parsing and Resolution函数名解析与解析

9.3 Keywords and Reserved Words关键字和保留字

9.4 User-Defined Variables用户定义变量

9.5 Expressions表达式

9.6 Query Attributes查询属性

9.7 Comments注释

10 Character Sets, Collations, Unicode字符集、排序规则、Unicode

10.1 Character Sets and Collations in General字符集和排序规则

10.2 Character Sets and Collations in MySQLMySQL中的字符集和排序规则

10.2.1 Character Set Repertoire角色集曲目

10.2.2 UTF-8 for Metadata元数据的UTF-8

10.3 Specifying Character Sets and Collations指定字符集和排序规则

10.3.1 Collation Naming Conventions排序规则命名约定

10.3.2 Server Character Set and Collation服务器字符集和排序规则

10.3.3 Database Character Set and Collation数据库字符集和排序规则

10.3.4 Table Character Set and Collation表字符集和排序规则

10.3.5 Column Character Set and Collation列字符集和排序规则

10.3.6 Character String Literal Character Set and Collation字符串文字字符集和排序规则

10.3.7 The National Character Set民族性格

10.3.8 Character Set Introducers字符集引导器

10.3.9 Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment字符集和排序规则分配示例

10.3.10 Compatibility with Other DBMSs与其他DBMS的兼容性

10.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations连接字符集和排序规则

10.5 Configuring Application Character Set and Collation配置应用程序字符集和排序规则

10.6 Error Message Character Set错误消息字符集

10.7 Column Character Set Conversion列字符集转换

10.8 Collation Issues排序规则问题

10.8.1 Using COLLATE in SQL Statements在SQL语句中使用COLLATE

10.8.2 COLLATE Clause Precedence校对子句优先级

10.8.3 Character Set and Collation Compatibility字符集和排序规则兼容性

10.8.4 Collation Coercibility in Expressions表达式中的排序规则强制性

10.8.5 The binary Collation Compared to _bin Collations二进制排序规则与_bin排序规则的比较

10.8.6 Examples of the Effect of Collation排序规则效果举例

10.8.7 Using Collation in INFORMATION_SCHEMA Searches在信息模式搜索中使用排序规则

10.9 Unicode SupportUnicode支持

10.9.1 The utf8mb4 Character Set (4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)utf8mb4字符集（4字节UTF-8 Unicode编码）

10.9.2 The utf8mb3 Character Set (3-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)utf8mb3字符集（3字节UTF-8 Unicode编码）

10.9.3 The utf8 Character Set (Alias for utf8mb3)utf8字符集（utf8mb3的别名）

10.9.4 The ucs2 Character Set (UCS-2 Unicode Encoding)ucs2字符集（UCS-2 Unicode编码）

10.9.5 The utf16 Character Set (UTF-16 Unicode Encoding)utf16字符集（UTF-16 Unicode编码）

10.9.6 The utf16le Character Set (UTF-16LE Unicode Encoding)utf16le字符集（UTF-16LE Unicode编码）

10.9.7 The utf32 Character Set (UTF-32 Unicode Encoding)utf32字符集（UTF-32 Unicode编码）

10.9.8 Converting Between 3-Byte and 4-Byte Unicode Character Sets在3字节和4字节Unicode字符集之间转换

10.10 Supported Character Sets and Collations支持的字符集和排序规则

10.10.1 Unicode Character SetsUnicode字符集

10.10.2 West European Character Sets西欧字符集

10.10.3 Central European Character Sets中欧字符集

10.10.4 South European and Middle East Character Sets南欧和中东字符集

10.10.5 Baltic Character Sets波罗的海字符集

10.10.6 Cyrillic Character Sets西里尔字符集

10.10.7 Asian Character Sets亚洲字符集

10.10.8 The Binary Character Set二进制字符集

10.11 Restrictions on Character Sets对字符集的限制

10.12 Setting the Error Message Language设置错误消息语言

10.13 Adding a Character Set添加角色集

10.13.1 Character Definition Arrays字符定义数组

10.13.2 String Collating Support for Complex Character Sets对复杂字符集的字符串排序支持

10.13.3 Multi-Byte Character Support for Complex Character Sets支持复杂字符集的多字节字符

10.14 Adding a Collation to a Character Set向字符集添加排序规则

10.14.1 Collation Implementation Types排序规则实现类型

10.14.2 Choosing a Collation ID选择排序规则ID

10.14.3 Adding a Simple Collation to an 8-Bit Character Set向8位字符集添加简单排序规则

10.14.4 Adding a UCA Collation to a Unicode Character Set向Unicode字符集添加UCA排序规则

10.15 Character Set Configuration字符集配置

10.16 MySQL Server Locale SupportMySQL服务器区域设置支持

11 Data Types数据类型

11.1 Numeric Data Types数字数据类型

11.1.1 Numeric Data Type Syntax数字数据类型语法

11.1.2 Integer Types (Exact Value) - INTEGER, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT,MEDIUMINT, BIGINT整型数类型（精确值）——INTEGER、INT、SMALLINT, TINYINT、MEDIUMINT、BIGINT

11.1.3 Fixed-Point Types (Exact Value) - DECIMAL, NUMERIC定点类型（精确值）——DECIMAL、NUMERIC

11.1.4 Floating-Point Types (Approximate Value) - FLOAT, DOUBLE浮点类型（近似值）——FLOAT、DOUBLE

11.1.5 Bit-Value Type - BIT位值类型——BIT

11.1.6 Numeric Type Attributes数字类型属性

11.1.7 Out-of-Range and Overflow Handling超出范围和溢出处理

11.2 Date and Time Data Types日期和时间数据类型

11.2.1 Date and Time Data Type Syntax日期和时间数据类型语法

11.2.2 The DATE, DATETIME, and TIMESTAMP Types日期、日期时间和时间戳类型

11.2.3 The TIME Type时间类型

11.2.4 The YEAR Type年份类型

11.2.5 Automatic Initialization and Updating for TIMESTAMP and DATETIME时间戳和日期时间的自动初始化和更新

11.2.6 Fractional Seconds in Time Values时间值中的小数秒

11.2.7 Conversion Between Date and Time Types日期和时间类型之间的转换

11.2.8 2-Digit Years in Dates日期中的两位数年份

11.3 String Data Types字符串数据类型

11.3.1 String Data Type Syntax字符串数据类型语法

11.3.2 The CHAR and VARCHAR TypesCHAR和VARCHAR类型

11.3.3 The BINARY and VARBINARY TypesBINARY类型和VARBINARY类型

11.3.4 The BLOB and TEXT TypesBLOB和文本类型

11.3.5 The ENUM Type枚举类型

11.3.6 The SET Type集合类型

11.4 Spatial Data Types空间数据类型

11.4.1 Spatial Data Types空间数据类型

11.4.2 The OpenGIS Geometry ModelOpenGIS几何模型

11.4.3 Supported Spatial Data Formats支持的空间数据格式

11.4.4 Geometry Well-Formedness and Validity几何适形性与有效性

11.4.5 Spatial Reference System Support空间参考系统支持

11.4.6 Creating Spatial Columns创建空间柱

11.4.7 Populating Spatial Columns填充空间列

11.4.8 Fetching Spatial Data获取空间数据

11.4.9 Optimizing Spatial Analysis优化空间分析

11.4.10 Creating Spatial Indexes创建空间索引

11.4.11 Using Spatial Indexes使用空间索引

11.5 The JSON Data TypeJSON数据类型

11.6 Data Type Default Values数据类型默认值

11.7 Data Type Storage Requirements数据类型存储要求

11.8 Choosing the Right Type for a Column为列选择正确的类型

11.9 Using Data Types from Other Database Engines使用其他数据库引擎的数据类型

12 Functions and Operators函数和运算符

12.1 Built-In Function and Operator Reference内置函数和运算符参考

12.2 Loadable Function Reference可加载函数引用

12.3 Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation表达式求值中的类型转换

12.4 Operators运算符

12.4.1 Operator Precedence运算符优先级

12.4.2 Comparison Functions and Operators比较函数和运算符

12.4.3 Logical Operators逻辑运算符

12.4.4 Assignment Operators赋值运算符

12.5 Flow Control Functions流程控制函数

12.6 Numeric Functions and Operators数值函数和运算符

12.6.1 Arithmetic Operators算术运算符

12.6.2 Mathematical Functions数学函数

12.7 Date and Time Functions日期和时间函数

12.8 String Functions and Operators字符串函数和运算符

12.8.1 String Comparison Functions and Operators字符串比较函数和运算符

12.8.2 Regular Expressions正则表达式

12.8.3 Character Set and Collation of Function Results字符集与函数结果的排序

12.9 What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?MySQL使用什么日历？

12.10 Full-Text Search Functions全文搜索函数

12.10.1 Natural Language Full-Text Searches自然语言全文搜索

12.10.2 Boolean Full-Text Searches布尔全文搜索

12.10.3 Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion带查询扩展的全文搜索

12.10.4 Full-Text Stopwords全文停止字

12.10.5 Full-Text Restrictions全文限制

12.10.6 Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search微调MySQL全文搜索

12.10.7 Adding a User-Defined Collation for Full-Text Indexing为全文索引添加用户定义的排序规则

12.10.8 ngram Full-Text Parserngram全文分析器

12.10.9 MeCab Full-Text Parser PluginMeCab全文解析器插件

12.11 Cast Functions and OperatorsCast函数和运算符

12.12 XML FunctionsXML函数

12.13 Bit Functions and Operators位函数和运算符

12.14 Encryption and Compression Functions加密和压缩函数

12.15 Locking Functions锁定函数

12.16 Information Functions信息函数

12.17 Spatial Analysis Functions空间分析函数

12.17.1 Spatial Function Reference空间函数参考

12.17.2 Argument Handling by Spatial Functions空间函数的参数处理

12.17.3 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKT Values从WKT值创建几何图形值的函数

12.17.4 Functions That Create Geometry Values from WKB Values从WKB值创建几何图形值的函数

12.17.5 MySQL-Specific Functions That Create Geometry Values创建几何值的特定于MySQL的函数

12.17.6 Geometry Format Conversion Functions几何格式转换函数

12.17.7 Geometry Property Functions几何特性函数

12.17.8 Spatial Operator Functions空间运算符函数

12.17.9 Functions That Test Spatial Relations Between Geometry Objects测试几何体对象之间空间关系的函数

12.17.10 Spatial Geohash Functions空间Geohash函数

12.17.11 Spatial GeoJSON Functions空间GeoJSON函数

12.17.12 Spatial Aggregate Functions空间聚集函数

12.17.13 Spatial Convenience Functions空间便利函数

12.18 JSON FunctionsJSON函数

12.18.1 JSON Function ReferenceJSON函数引用

12.18.2 Functions That Create JSON Values创建JSON值的函数

12.18.3 Functions That Search JSON Values搜索JSON值的函数

12.18.4 Functions That Modify JSON Values修改JSON值的函数

12.18.5 Functions That Return JSON Value Attributes返回JSON值属性的函数

12.18.6 JSON Table FunctionsJSON表函数

12.18.7 JSON Schema Validation FunctionsJSON模式验证函数

12.18.8 JSON Utility FunctionsJSON实用函数

12.19 Functions Used with Global Transaction Identifiers (GTIDs)与全局事务标识符（gtid）一起使用的函数

12.20 Aggregate Functions聚合函数

12.20.1 Aggregate Function Descriptions聚合函数描述

12.20.2 GROUP BY ModifiersGROUP BY修饰符

12.20.3 MySQL Handling of GROUP BYGROUP BY的MySQL处理

12.20.4 Detection of Functional Dependence函数依赖性检测

12.21 Window Functions窗口函数

12.21.1 Window Function Descriptions窗口函数描述

12.21.2 Window Function Concepts and Syntax窗口函数概念和语法

12.21.3 Window Function Frame Specification窗口函数框架规范文档

12.21.4 Named Windows命名窗口

12.21.5 Window Function Restrictions窗口函数局限性

12.22 Performance Schema Functions性能模式函数

12.23 Internal Functions内部函数

12.24 Miscellaneous Functions其他函数

12.25 Precision Math精确数学

12.25.1 Types of Numeric Values数值类型

12.25.2 DECIMAL Data Type Characteristics十进制数据类型特征

12.25.3 Expression Handling表达式处理

12.25.4 Rounding Behavior舍入行为

12.25.5 Precision Math Examples精确数学示例

13 SQL StatementsSQL语句

13.1 Data Definition Statements数据定义语句

13.1.1 Atomic Data Definition Statement Support原子数据定义语句支持

13.1.2 ALTER DATABASE StatementALTER DATABASE语句

13.1.3 ALTER EVENT StatementALTER EVENT语句

13.1.4 ALTER FUNCTION Statement语句

13.1.5 ALTER INSTANCE Statement语句

13.1.6 ALTER LOGFILE GROUP Statement语句

13.1.7 ALTER PROCEDURE Statement语句

13.1.8 ALTER SERVER Statement语句

13.1.9 ALTER TABLE Statement语句

13.1.10 ALTER TABLESPACE Statement语句

13.1.11 ALTER VIEW Statement语句

13.1.12 CREATE DATABASE Statement语句

13.1.13 CREATE EVENT Statement语句

13.1.14 CREATE FUNCTION Statement语句

13.1.15 CREATE INDEX Statement语句

13.1.16 CREATE LOGFILE GROUP Statement语句

13.1.17 CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION StatementsCREATE PROCEDURE语句和CREATE FUNCTION语句

13.1.18 CREATE SERVER StatementCREATE SERVER语句

13.1.19 CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement语句

13.1.20 CREATE TABLE Statement语句

13.1.21 CREATE TABLESPACE Statement语句

13.1.22 CREATE TRIGGER Statement语句

13.1.23 CREATE VIEW Statement语句

13.1.24 DROP DATABASE Statement语句

13.1.25 DROP EVENT Statement语句

13.1.26 DROP FUNCTION Statement语句

13.1.27 DROP INDEX Statement语句

13.1.28 DROP LOGFILE GROUP Statement语句

13.1.29 DROP PROCEDURE and DROP FUNCTION Statements语句

13.1.30 DROP SERVER Statement语句

13.1.31 DROP SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement语句

13.1.32 DROP TABLE Statement语句

13.1.33 DROP TABLESPACE Statement语句

13.1.34 DROP TRIGGER Statement语句

13.1.35 DROP VIEW Statement语句

13.1.36 RENAME TABLE Statement语句

13.1.37 TRUNCATE TABLE Statement语句

13.2 Data Manipulation Statements数据操作语句

13.2.1 CALL Statement语句

13.2.2 DELETE Statement语句

13.2.3 DO Statement语句

13.2.4 HANDLER Statement语句

13.2.5 IMPORT TABLE Statement语句

13.2.6 INSERT Statement语句

13.2.7 LOAD DATA Statement语句

13.2.8 LOAD XML Statement语句

13.2.9 REPLACE Statement语句

13.2.10 SELECT Statement语句

13.2.11 Subqueries子查询

13.2.12 TABLE Statement语句

13.2.13 UPDATE Statement语句

13.2.14 VALUES Statement语句

13.2.15 WITH (Common Table Expressions)（公共表表达式）

13.3 Transactional and Locking Statements事务和锁定语句

13.3.1 START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Statements启动事务、提交事务和回滚事务

13.3.2 Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back无法回滚的语句

13.3.3 Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit导致隐式提交的语句

13.3.4 SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT, and RELEASE SAVEPOINT StatementsSAVEPOINT语句、ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT语句和RELEASE SAVEPOINT语句

13.3.5 LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP and UNLOCK INSTANCE StatementsLOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP语句和UNLOCK INSTANCE语句

13.3.6 LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES StatementsLOCK TABLES语句和UNLOCK TABLES语句

13.3.7 SET TRANSACTION Statement语句

13.3.8 XA Transactions事务

13.4 Replication Statements复制语句

13.4.1 SQL Statements for Controlling Source Servers用于控制源服务器的SQL语句

13.4.2 SQL Statements for Controlling Replica Servers用于控制副本服务器的SQL语句

13.4.3 SQL Statements for Controlling Group Replication用于控制组复制的SQL语句

13.5 Prepared Statements准备好的语句

13.5.1 PREPARE StatementPREPARE语句

13.5.2 EXECUTE Statement语句

13.5.3 DEALLOCATE PREPARE Statement语句

13.6 Compound Statement Syntax复合语句语法

13.6.1 BEGIN ... END Compound Statement复合语句

13.6.2 Statement Labels语句标签

13.6.3 DECLARE Statement语句

13.6.4 Variables in Stored Programs存储程序中的变量

13.6.5 Flow Control Statements流量控制语句

13.6.6 Cursors游标

13.6.7 Condition Handling条件处理

13.6.8 Restrictions on Condition Handling条件处理限制

13.7 Database Administration Statements数据库管理语句

13.7.1 Account Management Statements账户管理报表

13.7.2 Resource Group Management Statements资源组管理语句

13.7.3 Table Maintenance Statements表维护报表

13.7.4 Component, Plugin, and Loadable Function Statements组件、插件和可加载函数语句

13.7.5 CLONE Statement语句

13.7.6 SET Statements语句

13.7.7 SHOW Statements语句

13.7.8 Other Administrative Statements其他管理语句

13.8 Utility Statements实用程序语句

13.8.1 DESCRIBE Statement语句

13.8.2 EXPLAIN Statement语句

13.8.3 HELP Statement语句

13.8.4 USE Statement语句

14 MySQL Data DictionaryMySQL数据字典

14.1 Data Dictionary Schema数据字典架构

14.2 Removal of File-based Metadata Storage删除基于文件的元数据存储

14.3 Transactional Storage of Dictionary Data字典数据的事务存储

14.4 Dictionary Object Cache字典对象缓存

14.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA and Data Dictionary Integration信息模式与数据字典集成

14.6 Serialized Dictionary Information (SDI)序列化词典信息（SDI）

14.7 Data Dictionary Usage Differences数据字典使用差异

14.8 Data Dictionary Limitations数据字典限制

15 The InnoDB Storage EngineInnoDB存储引擎

15.1 Introduction to InnoDBInnoDB简介

15.1.1 Benefits of Using InnoDB Tables使用InnoDB表的好处

15.1.2 Best Practices for InnoDB TablesInnoDB表的最佳实践

15.1.3 Verifying that InnoDB is the Default Storage Engine验证InnoDB是默认存储引擎

15.1.4 Testing and Benchmarking with InnoDB使用InnoDB进行测试和基准测试

15.2 InnoDB and the ACID ModelInnoDB与ACID模型

15.3 InnoDB Multi-VersioningInnoDB多版本控制

15.4 InnoDB ArchitectureInnoDB架构

15.5 InnoDB In-Memory StructuresInnoDB内存结构

15.5.1 Buffer Pool缓冲池

15.5.2 Change Buffer更改缓冲区

15.5.3 Adaptive Hash Index自适应哈希索引

15.5.4 Log Buffer日志缓冲区

15.6 InnoDB On-Disk StructuresInnoDB磁盘结构

15.6.1 Tables表格

15.6.2 Indexes索引

15.6.3 Tablespaces表空间

15.6.4 Doublewrite Buffer双写缓冲器

15.6.5 Redo LogRedo日志

15.6.6 Undo LogsUndo日志

15.7 InnoDB Locking and Transaction ModelInnoDB锁定与事务模型

15.7.1 InnoDB LockingInnoDB锁定

15.7.2 InnoDB Transaction ModelInnoDB事务模型

15.7.3 Locks Set by Different SQL Statements in InnoDBInnoDB中不同SQL语句设置的锁

15.7.4 Phantom Rows幻影行

15.7.5 Deadlocks in InnoDBInnoDB中的死锁

15.7.6 Transaction Scheduling事务调度

15.8 InnoDB ConfigurationInnoDB配置

15.8.1 InnoDB Startup ConfigurationInnoDB启动配置

15.8.2 Configuring InnoDB for Read-Only Operation为只读操作配置InnoDB

15.8.3 InnoDB Buffer Pool ConfigurationInnoDB缓冲池配置

15.8.4 Configuring Thread Concurrency for InnoDB为InnoDB配置线程并发

15.8.5 Configuring the Number of Background InnoDB I/O Threads配置后台InnoDB I/O线程数

15.8.6 Using Asynchronous I/O on Linux在Linux上使用异步I/O

15.8.7 Configuring InnoDB I/O Capacity配置InnoDB I/O容量

15.8.8 Configuring Spin Lock Polling配置自旋锁轮询

15.8.9 Purge Configuration清除配置

15.8.10 Configuring Optimizer Statistics for InnoDB为InnoDB配置优化器统计信息

15.8.11 Configuring the Merge Threshold for Index Pages配置索引页的合并阈值

15.8.12 Enabling Automatic Configuration for a Dedicated MySQL Server启用专用MySQL服务器的自动配置

15.9 InnoDB Table and Page CompressionInnoDB表和页压缩

15.9.1 InnoDB Table CompressionInnoDB表压缩

15.9.2 InnoDB Page CompressionInnoDB页面压缩

15.10 InnoDB Row FormatsInnoDB行格式

15.11 InnoDB Disk I/O and File Space ManagementInnoDB磁盘I/O和文件空间管理

15.11.1 InnoDB Disk I/OInnoDB磁盘I/O

15.11.2 File Space Management文件空间管理

15.11.3 InnoDB CheckpointsInnoDB检查点

15.11.4 Defragmenting a Table整理表碎片

15.11.5 Reclaiming Disk Space with TRUNCATE TABLE用TRUNCATE TABLE回收磁盘空间

15.12 InnoDB and Online DDLInnoDB和联机DDL

15.12.1 Online DDL Operations联机DDL操作

15.12.2 Online DDL Performance and Concurrency联机DDL性能和并发性

15.12.3 Online DDL Space Requirements联机DDL空间要求

15.12.4 Simplifying DDL Statements with Online DDL用联机DDL简化DDL语句

15.12.5 Online DDL Failure Conditions在线DDL故障条件

15.12.6 Online DDL Limitations联机DDL限制

15.13 InnoDB Data-at-Rest EncryptionInnoDB静态数据加密

15.14 InnoDB Startup Options and System VariablesInnoDB启动选项和系统变量

15.15 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA TablesInnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA表

15.15.1 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables about CompressionInnoDB关于压缩的INFORMATION_SCHEMA表

15.15.2 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Transaction and Locking InformationInnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA事务和锁定信息

15.15.3 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Schema Object TablesInnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA对象表

15.15.4 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA FULLTEXT Index Tables全文索引表

15.15.5 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Buffer Pool Tables缓冲池表

15.15.6 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Metrics Table指标表

15.15.7 InnoDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Temporary Table Info Table临时表信息表

15.15.8 Retrieving InnoDB Tablespace Metadata from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES从INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES检索InnoDB表空间元数据

15.16 InnoDB Integration with MySQL Performance SchemaInnoDB与MySQL性能模式的集成

15.16.1 Monitoring ALTER TABLE Progress for InnoDB Tables Using Performance Schema使用性能模式监视InnoDB表的ALTER TABLE进度

15.16.2 Monitoring InnoDB Mutex Waits Using Performance Schema使用性能模式监视InnoDB Mutex等待

15.17 InnoDB MonitorsInnoDB监视器

15.17.1 InnoDB Monitor TypesInnoDB监视器类型

15.17.2 Enabling InnoDB Monitors启用InnoDB监视器

15.17.3 InnoDB Standard Monitor and Lock Monitor OutputInnoDB标准监视器和锁定监视器输出

15.18 InnoDB Backup and RecoveryInnoDB备份和恢复

15.18.1 InnoDB BackupInnoDB备份

15.18.2 InnoDB RecoveryInnoDB恢复

15.19 InnoDB and MySQL ReplicationInnoDB和MySQL复制

15.20 InnoDB memcached PluginInnoDB memcached插件

15.20.1 Benefits of the InnoDB memcached PluginInnoDB memcached插件的优点

15.20.2 InnoDB memcached ArchitectureInnoDB memcached架构

15.20.3 Setting Up the InnoDB memcached Plugin设置InnoDB memcached插件

15.20.4 InnoDB memcached Multiple get and Range Query SupportInnoDB memcached多get和Range查询支持

15.20.5 Security Considerations for the InnoDB memcached PluginInnoDB memcached插件的安全注意事项

15.20.6 Writing Applications for the InnoDB memcached Plugin为InnoDB memcached插件编写应用程序

15.20.7 The InnoDB memcached Plugin and ReplicationInnoDB memcached插件和复制

15.20.8 InnoDB memcached Plugin InternalsInnoDB memcached插件内部

15.20.9 Troubleshooting the InnoDB memcached PluginInnoDB memcached插件故障排除

15.21 InnoDB TroubleshootingInnoDB故障排除

15.21.1 Troubleshooting InnoDB I/O ProblemsInnoDB I/O故障排除

15.21.2 Forcing InnoDB Recovery强制InnoDB恢复

15.21.3 Troubleshooting InnoDB Data Dictionary OperationsInnoDB数据字典操作故障排除

15.21.4 InnoDB Error HandlingInnoDB错误处理

15.22 InnoDB LimitsInnoDB限制

15.23 InnoDB Restrictions and LimitationsInnoDB限制和限制

16 Alternative Storage Engines替代存储引擎

16.1 Setting the Storage Engine设置存储引擎

16.2 The MyISAM Storage EngineMyISAM存储引擎

16.2.1 MyISAM Startup OptionsMyISAM启动选项

16.2.2 Space Needed for Keys密钥所需空间

16.2.3 MyISAM Table Storage FormatsMyISAM表存储格式

16.2.4 MyISAM Table ProblemsMyISAM表问题

16.3 The MEMORY Storage Engine内存存储引擎

16.4 The CSV Storage EngineCSV存储引擎

16.4.1 Repairing and Checking CSV Tables修复和检查CSV表

16.4.2 CSV LimitationsCSV限制

16.5 The ARCHIVE Storage Engine归档存储引擎

16.6 The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine黑洞存储引擎

16.7 The MERGE Storage Engine合并存储引擎

16.7.1 MERGE Table Advantages and Disadvantages合并表的优缺点

16.7.2 MERGE Table Problems合并表问题

16.8 The FEDERATED Storage Engine联合存储引擎

16.8.1 FEDERATED Storage Engine Overview联合存储引擎概述

16.8.2 How to Create FEDERATED Tables如何创建联合表

16.8.3 FEDERATED Storage Engine Notes and Tips联合存储引擎说明和提示

16.8.4 FEDERATED Storage Engine Resources联合存储引擎资源

16.9 The EXAMPLE Storage Engine示例存储引擎

16.10 Other Storage Engines其他存储引擎

16.11 Overview of MySQL Storage Engine ArchitectureMySQL存储引擎体系结构概述

16.11.1 Pluggable Storage Engine Architecture可替换存储引擎构架

16.11.2 The Common Database Server Layer公共数据库服务器层

17 Replication复制

17.1 Configuring Replication配置复制

17.1.1 Binary Log File Position Based Replication Configuration Overview基于二进制日志文件位置的复制配置概述

17.1.2 Setting Up Binary Log File Position Based Replication设置基于位置的二进制日志文件复制

17.1.3 Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers具有全局事务标识符的复制

17.1.4 Changing GTID Mode on Online Servers更改联机服务器上的GTID模式

17.1.5 MySQL Multi-Source ReplicationMySQL多源复制

17.1.6 Replication and Binary Logging Options and Variables复制和二进制日志选项和变量

17.1.7 Common Replication Administration Tasks常见复制管理任务

17.2 Replication Implementation复制实施

17.2.1 Replication Formats复制格式

17.2.2 Replication Channels复制通道

17.2.3 Replication Threads复制线程

17.2.4 Relay Log and Replication Metadata Repositories中继日志和复制元数据存储库

17.2.5 How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules服务器如何评估复制筛选规则

17.3 Replication Security复制安全性

17.3.1 Setting Up Replication to Use Encrypted Connections设置复制以使用加密连接

17.3.2 Encrypting Binary Log Files and Relay Log Files加密二进制日志文件和中继日志文件

17.3.3 Replication Privilege Checks复制权限检查

17.4 Replication Solutions复制解决方案

17.4.1 Using Replication for Backups使用复制进行备份

17.4.2 Handling an Unexpected Halt of a Replica处理复制副本的意外停止

17.4.3 Monitoring Row-based Replication监视基于行的复制

17.4.4 Using Replication with Different Source and Replica Storage Engines对不同的源和副本存储引擎使用复制

17.4.5 Using Replication for Scale-Out使用复制进行横向扩展

17.4.6 Replicating Different Databases to Different Replicas将不同的数据库复制到不同的副本

17.4.7 Improving Replication Performance提高复制性能

17.4.8 Switching Sources During Failover在故障转移期间切换源

17.4.9 Switching Sources with Asynchronous Connection Failover具有异步连接故障转移的交换源

17.4.10 Semisynchronous Replication半同步复制

17.4.11 Delayed Replication延迟复制

17.5 Replication Notes and Tips复制说明和提示

17.5.1 Replication Features and Issues复制功能和问题

17.5.2 Replication Compatibility Between MySQL VersionsMySQL版本之间的复制兼容性

17.5.3 Upgrading a Replication Setup升级复制设置

17.5.4 Troubleshooting Replication复制疑难解答

17.5.5 How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems如何报告复制错误或问题

18 Group Replication组复制

18.1 Group Replication Background组复制后台

18.1.1 Replication Technologies复制技术

18.1.2 Group Replication Use Cases组复制用例

18.1.3 Multi-Primary and Single-Primary Modes多主和单主模式

18.1.4 Group Replication Services组复制服务

18.1.5 Group Replication Plugin Architecture组复制插件体系结构

18.2 Getting Started入门

18.2.1 Deploying Group Replication in Single-Primary Mode在单一主模式下部署组复制

18.2.2 Deploying Group Replication Locally在本地部署组复制

18.3 Requirements and Limitations要求和限制

18.3.1 Group Replication Requirements组复制要求

18.3.2 Group Replication Limitations组复制限制

18.4 Monitoring Group Replication监视组复制

18.4.1 GTIDs and Group ReplicationGTID和组复制

18.4.2 Group Replication Server States组复制服务器状态

18.4.3 The replication_group_members Tablereplication_group_members表

18.4.4 The replication_group_member_stats Tablereplication_group_member_stats表

18.5 Group Replication Operations组复制操作

18.5.1 Configuring an Online Group配置联机组

18.5.2 Transaction Consistency Guarantees事务一致性保证

18.5.3 Distributed Recovery分布式恢复

18.5.4 Network Partitioning网络分区

18.5.5 Support For IPv6 And For Mixed IPv6 And IPv4 Groups支持IPv6以及IPv6和IPv4混合组

18.5.6 Using MySQL Enterprise Backup with Group Replication使用MySQL企业备份和组复制

18.6 Group Replication Security组复制安全性

18.6.1 Group Replication IP Address Permissions组复制IP地址权限

18.6.2 Securing Group Communication Connections with Secure Socket Layer (SSL)使用安全套接字层（SSL）保护组通信连接

18.6.3 Securing Distributed Recovery Connections保护分布式恢复连接

18.7 Group Replication Performance组复制性能

18.7.1 Fine Tuning the Group Communication Thread微调组通信线程

18.7.2 Flow Control流量控制

18.7.3 Message Compression消息压缩

18.7.4 Message Fragmentation消息碎片

18.7.5 XCom Cache ManagementXCom缓存管理

18.7.6 Responses to Failure Detection and Network Partitioning对故障检测和网络分区的响应

18.8 Upgrading Group Replication升级组复制

18.8.1 Combining Different Member Versions in a Group在组中组合不同的成员版本

18.8.2 Group Replication Offline Upgrade组复制脱机升级

18.8.3 Group Replication Online Upgrade组复制联机升级

18.9 Group Replication System Variables组复制系统变量

18.10 Frequently Asked Questions常见问题

19 MySQL Shell

20 Using MySQL as a Document Store使用MySQL作为文档存储

20.1 Interfaces to a MySQL Document StoreMySQL文档库接口

20.2 Document Store Concepts文档存储概念

20.3 JavaScript Quick-Start Guide: MySQL Shell for Document StoreJavaScript快速入门指南：用于文档存储的MySQL壳

20.3.1 MySQL ShellMySQL外壳

20.3.2 Download and Import world_x Database下载并导入world_x数据库

20.3.3 Documents and Collections文件和收藏

20.3.4 Relational Tables关系表

20.3.5 Documents in Tables表中的文档

20.4 Python Quick-Start Guide: MySQL Shell for Document StorePython快速指南：用于文档存储的MySQL壳

20.4.1 MySQL Shell

20.4.2 Download and Import world_x Database下载并导入world_x数据库

20.4.3 Documents and Collections文档和集合

20.4.4 Relational Tables关系表

20.4.5 Documents in Tables表中的文档

20.5 X Plugin

20.5.1 Checking X Plugin Installation检查X插件安装

20.5.2 Disabling X Plugin禁用X插件

20.5.3 Using Encrypted Connections with X Plugin使用X插件的加密连接

20.5.4 Using X Plugin with the Caching SHA-2 Authentication Plugin在缓存SHA-2身份验证插件中使用X插件

20.5.5 Connection Compression with X Plugin使用X插件进行连接压缩

20.5.6 X Plugin Options and VariablesX插件选项和变量

20.5.7 Monitoring X Plugin监视X插件

21 InnoDB ClusterInnoDB集群

22 InnoDB ReplicaSetInnoDB复制集

23 MySQL NDB Cluster 8.0

23.1 NDB Cluster OverviewNDB群集概述

23.1.1 NDB Cluster Core ConceptsNDB集群核心概念

23.1.2 NDB Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Fragment Replicas, and PartitionsNDB群集节点、节点组、片段副本和分区

23.1.3 NDB Cluster Hardware, Software, and Networking RequirementsNDB群集硬件、软件和网络要求

23.1.4 What is New in NDB ClusterNDB集群的新功能

23.1.5 Options, Variables, and Parameters Added, Deprecated or Removed in NDB 8.0在NDB8.0中添加、弃用或删除的选项、变量和参数

23.1.6 MySQL Server Using InnoDB Compared with NDB Cluster使用InnoDB的MySQL服务器与NDB集群的比较

23.1.7 Known Limitations of NDB ClusterNDB集群的已知局限性

23.2 NDB Cluster InstallationNDB群集安装

23.2.1 Installation of NDB Cluster on Linux在Linux上安装NDB集群

23.2.2 Installing NDB Cluster on Windows在Windows上安装NDB群集

23.2.3 Initial Configuration of NDB ClusterNDB集群初始配置

23.2.4 Initial Startup of NDB ClusterNDB集群初始启动

23.2.5 NDB Cluster Example with Tables and Data带有表和数据的NDB集群示例

23.2.6 Safe Shutdown and Restart of NDB ClusterNDB集群的安全关机和重启

23.2.7 Upgrading and Downgrading NDB Cluster升级和降级NDB群集

23.2.8 The NDB Cluster Auto-Installer (No longer supported)NDB群集自动安装程序（不再支持）

23.3 Configuration of NDB ClusterNDB集群配置

23.3.1 Quick Test Setup of NDB ClusterNDB集群的快速测试设置

23.3.2 Overview of NDB Cluster Configuration Parameters, Options, and VariablesNDB群集配置参数、选项和变量概述

23.3.3 NDB Cluster Configuration FilesNDB群集配置文件

23.3.4 Using High-Speed Interconnects with NDB Cluster使用NDB集群的高速互连

23.4 NDB Cluster ProgramsNDB群集程序

23.4.1 ndbd — The NDB Cluster Data Node DaemonNDB集群数据节点守护程序

23.4.2 ndbinfo_select_all — Select From ndbinfo Tables从ndbinfo表中选择

23.4.3 ndbmtd — The NDB Cluster Data Node Daemon (Multi-Threaded)NDB群集数据节点守护程序（多线程）

23.4.4 ndb_mgmd — The NDB Cluster Management Server DaemonNDB群集管理服务器守护程序

23.4.5 ndb_mgm — The NDB Cluster Management ClientNDB群集管理客户端

23.4.6 ndb_blob_tool — Check and Repair BLOB and TEXT columns of NDB Cluster Tables检查并修复NDB集群表的BLOB和TEXT列

23.4.7 ndb_config — Extract NDB Cluster Configuration Information提取NDB群集配置信息

23.4.8 ndb_delete_all — Delete All Rows from an NDB Table从NDB表中删除所有行

23.4.9 ndb_desc — Describe NDB Tables描述NDB表

23.4.10 ndb_drop_index — Drop Index from an NDB Table从NDB表中删除索引

23.4.11 ndb_drop_table — Drop an NDB Table删除NDB表

23.4.12 ndb_error_reporter — NDB Error-Reporting UtilityNDB错误报告实用程序

23.4.13 ndb_import — Import CSV Data Into NDB将CSV数据导入NDB

23.4.14 ndb_index_stat — NDB Index Statistics UtilityNDB索引统计实用程序

23.4.15 ndb_move_data — NDB Data Copy UtilityNDB数据复制实用程序

23.4.16 ndb_perror — Obtain NDB Error Message Information获取NDB错误消息信息

23.4.17 ndb_print_backup_file — Print NDB Backup File Contents打印NDB备份文件内容

23.4.18 ndb_print_file — Print NDB Disk Data File Contents打印NDB磁盘数据文件内容

23.4.19 ndb_print_frag_file — Print NDB Fragment List File Contents打印NDB片段列表文件内容

23.4.20 ndb_print_schema_file — Print NDB Schema File Contents打印NDB架构文件内容

23.4.21 ndb_print_sys_file — Print NDB System File Contents打印NDB系统文件内容

23.4.22 ndb_redo_log_reader — Check and Print Content of Cluster Redo Log检查并打印集群重做日志的内容

23.4.23 ndb_restore — Restore an NDB Cluster Backup还原NDB群集备份

23.4.24 ndb_select_all — Print Rows from an NDB Table打印NDB表中的行

23.4.25 ndb_select_count — Print Row Counts for NDB Tables打印NDB表的行计数

23.4.26 ndb_setup.py — Start browser-based Auto-Installer for NDB Cluster (DEPRECATED)为NDB群集启动基于浏览器的自动安装程序（已弃用）

23.4.27 ndb_show_tables — Display List of NDB Tables显示NDB表列表

23.4.28 ndb_size.pl — NDBCLUSTER Size Requirement EstimatorNDBCLUSTER大小需求估计器

23.4.29 ndb_top — View CPU usage information for NDB threads查看NDB线程的CPU使用率信息

23.4.30 ndb_waiter — Wait for NDB Cluster to Reach a Given Status等待NDB群集达到给定状态

23.4.31 ndbxfrm — Compress, Decompress, Encrypt, and Decrypt Files Created by NDB Cluster压缩、解压缩、加密和解密NDB集群创建的文件

23.5 Management of NDB ClusterNDB集群管理

23.5.1 Commands in the NDB Cluster Management ClientNDB集群管理客户端中的命令

23.5.2 NDB Cluster Log MessagesNDB群集日志消息

23.5.3 Event Reports Generated in NDB Cluster在NDB集群中生成的事件报告

23.5.4 Summary of NDB Cluster Start PhasesNDB集群启动阶段总结

23.5.5 Performing a Rolling Restart of an NDB Cluster执行NDB群集的滚动重新启动

23.5.6 NDB Cluster Single User ModeNDB群集单用户模式

23.5.7 Adding NDB Cluster Data Nodes Online在线添加NDB群集数据节点

23.5.8 Online Backup of NDB ClusterNDB集群的在线备份

23.5.9 MySQL Server Usage for NDB ClusterNDB集群的MySQL服务器使用情况

23.5.10 NDB Cluster Disk Data TablesNDB群集磁盘数据表

23.5.11 Online Operations with ALTER TABLE in NDB ClusterNDB集群中ALTER表的在线操作

23.5.12 Distributed MySQL Privileges with NDB_STORED_USER具有NDB_STORED_USER的分布式MySQL权限

23.5.13 NDB API Statistics Counters and VariablesNDB API统计计数器和变量

23.5.14 ndbinfo: The NDB Cluster Information DatabaseNDB集群信息数据库

23.5.15 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables for NDB ClusterNDB集群的INFORMATION_SCHEMA表

23.5.16 Quick Reference: NDB Cluster SQL Statements快速参考：NDB Cluster SQL语句

23.5.17 NDB Cluster Security IssuesNDB群集安全问题

23.6 NDB Cluster ReplicationNDB群集复制

23.6.1 NDB Cluster Replication: Abbreviations and SymbolsNDB集群复制：缩写和符号

23.6.2 General Requirements for NDB Cluster ReplicationNDB群集复制的一般要求

23.6.3 Known Issues in NDB Cluster ReplicationNDB集群复制中的已知问题

23.6.4 NDB Cluster Replication Schema and TablesNDB群集复制架构和表

23.6.5 Preparing the NDB Cluster for Replication准备NDB群集进行复制

23.6.6 Starting NDB Cluster Replication (Single Replication Channel)启动NDB群集复制（单复制通道）

23.6.7 Using Two Replication Channels for NDB Cluster Replication使用两个复制通道进行NDB群集复制

23.6.8 Implementing Failover with NDB Cluster Replication利用NDB集群复制实现故障转移

23.6.9 NDB Cluster Backups With NDB Cluster Replication使用NDB群集复制的NDB群集备份

23.6.10 NDB Cluster Replication: Bidrectional and Circular ReplicationNDB集群复制：双向和循环复制

23.6.11 NDB Cluster Replication Conflict ResolutionNDB群集复制冲突解决方案

23.7 NDB Cluster Release NotesNDB群集发行说明

24 Partitioning分区

24.1 Overview of Partitioning in MySQLMySQL分区概述

24.2 Partitioning Types分区类型

24.2.1 RANGE Partitioning分区

24.2.2 LIST Partitioning分区

24.2.3 COLUMNS Partitioning分区

24.2.4 HASH Partitioning分区

24.2.5 KEY Partitioning分区

24.2.6 Subpartitioning子分区

24.2.7 How MySQL Partitioning Handles NULLMySQL分区如何处理NULL

24.3 Partition Management分区管理

24.3.1 Management of RANGE and LIST PartitionsRANGE分区和LIST分区的管理

24.3.2 Management of HASH and KEY PartitionsHASH分区和KEY分区的管理

24.3.3 Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables与表交换分区和子分区

24.3.4 Maintenance of Partitions分区的维护

24.3.5 Obtaining Information About Partitions获取有关分区的信息

24.4 Partition Pruning分区修剪

24.5 Partition Selection分区选择

24.6 Restrictions and Limitations on Partitioning分区的限制和限制

24.6.1 Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys分区键、主键和唯一键

24.6.2 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Storage Engines与存储引擎相关的分区限制

24.6.3 Partitioning Limitations Relating to Functions与函数有关的分区限制

25 Stored Objects存储的对象

25.1 Defining Stored Programs定义存储程序

25.2 Using Stored Routines使用存储例程

25.2.1 Stored Routine Syntax存储例程语法

25.2.2 Stored Routines and MySQL Privileges存储例程和MySQL权限

25.2.3 Stored Routine Metadata存储的例程元数据

25.2.4 Stored Procedures, Functions, Triggers, and LAST_INSERT_ID()存储过程、函数、触发器和LAST_INSERT_ID()

25.3 Using Triggers使用触发器

25.3.1 Trigger Syntax and Examples触发器语法和示例

25.3.2 Trigger Metadata触发器元数据

25.4 Using the Event Scheduler使用事件调度器

25.4.1 Event Scheduler Overview事件计划程序概述

25.4.2 Event Scheduler Configuration事件计划程序配置

25.4.3 Event Syntax事件语法

25.4.4 Event Metadata事件元数据

25.4.5 Event Scheduler Status事件计划程序状态

25.4.6 The Event Scheduler and MySQL Privileges事件调度器和MySQL特权

25.5 Using Views使用视图

25.5.1 View Syntax视图语法

25.5.2 View Processing Algorithms视图处理算法

25.5.3 Updatable and Insertable Views可更新和可插入的视图

25.5.4 The View WITH CHECK OPTION ClauseView WITH CHECK OPTION子句

25.5.5 View Metadata查看元数据

25.6 Stored Object Access Control存储对象访问控制

25.7 Stored Program Binary Logging存储程序二进制记录

25.8 Restrictions on Stored Programs对存储程序的限制

25.9 Restrictions on Views视图上的约束

26 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables表

26.1 Introduction介绍

26.2 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Table Reference表参考

26.3 INFORMATION_SCHEMA General Tables通用表格

26.3.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA General Table Reference通用表格参考

26.3.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS TableINFORMATION_SCHEMA ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS表

26.3.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA APPLICABLE_ROLES TableINFORMATION_SCHEMA APPLICABLE_ROLES表

26.3.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS TableINFORMATION_SCHEMA CHARACTER_SETS表

26.3.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CHECK_CONSTRAINTS TableINFORMATION_SCHEMA CHECK_CONSTRAINTS表

26.3.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS TableINFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS表

26.3.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY TableINFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY表

26.3.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS TableINFORMATION_SCHEMA列表

26.3.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMNS_EXTENSIONS TableINFORMATION_SCHEMA列扩展

26.3.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_PRIVILEGES Table

26.3.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_STATISTICS Table

26.3.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENABLED_ROLES Table

26.3.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ENGINES Table

26.3.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA EVENTS Table

26.3.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA FILES Table

26.3.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Table

26.3.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA KEYWORDS Table

26.3.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ndb_transid_mysql_connection_map Table

26.3.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA OPTIMIZER_TRACE Table

26.3.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARAMETERS Table

26.3.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PARTITIONS Table

26.3.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PLUGINS Table

26.3.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROCESSLIST Table

26.3.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA PROFILING Table

26.3.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS Table

26.3.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA RESOURCE_GROUPS Table

26.3.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS Table

26.3.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS Table

26.3.29 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS Table

26.3.30 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES Table

26.3.31 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA Table

26.3.32 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA_EXTENSIONS Table

26.3.33 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES Table

26.3.34 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA STATISTICS Table

26.3.35 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_GEOMETRY_COLUMNS Table

26.3.36 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS Table

26.3.37 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA ST_UNITS_OF_MEASURE Table

26.3.38 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES Table

26.3.39 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLES_EXTENSIONS Table

26.3.40 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLESPACES Table

26.3.41 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLESPACES_EXTENSIONS Table

26.3.42 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table

26.3.43 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_CONSTRAINTS_EXTENSIONS Table

26.3.44 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TABLE_PRIVILEGES Table

26.3.45 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TRIGGERS Table

26.3.46 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_ATTRIBUTES Table

26.3.47 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA USER_PRIVILEGES Table

26.3.48 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEWS Table

26.3.49 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEW_ROUTINE_USAGE Table

26.3.50 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA VIEW_TABLE_USAGE Table

26.4 INFORMATION_SCHEMA InnoDB Tables

26.4.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA InnoDB Table Reference

26.4.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE Table

26.4.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU Table

26.4.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS Table

26.4.5 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CACHED_INDEXES Table

26.4.6 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP and INNODB_CMP_RESET Tables

26.4.7 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMPMEM and INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET Tables

26.4.8 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX and INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET Tables

26.4.9 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_COLUMNS Table

26.4.10 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_DATAFILES Table

26.4.11 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FIELDS Table

26.4.12 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN Table

26.4.13 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FOREIGN_COLS Table

26.4.14 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED Table

26.4.15 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_CONFIG Table

26.4.16 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD Table

26.4.17 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_DELETED Table

26.4.18 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE Table

26.4.19 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE Table

26.4.20 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_INDEXES Table

26.4.21 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCKS Table

26.4.22 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_LOCK_WAITS Table

26.4.23 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_METRICS Table

26.4.24 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_SESSION_TEMP_TABLESPACES Table

26.4.25 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLES Table

26.4.26 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES Table

26.4.27 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESPACES_BRIEF Table

26.4.28 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TABLESTATS View

26.4.29 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO Table

26.4.30 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_TRX Table

26.4.31 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA INNODB_VIRTUAL Table

26.5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Thread Pool Tables

26.5.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Thread Pool Table Reference

26.5.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATE Table

26.5.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_GROUP_STATS Table

26.5.4 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA TP_THREAD_STATE Table

26.6 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Connection-Control Tables

26.6.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Connection-Control Table Reference

26.6.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS Table

26.7 INFORMATION_SCHEMA MySQL Enterprise Firewall Tables

26.7.1 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Firewall Table Reference

26.7.2 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA MYSQL_FIREWALL_USERS Table

26.7.3 The INFORMATION_SCHEMA MYSQL_FIREWALL_WHITELIST Table

26.8 Extensions to SHOW StatementsSHOW语句的扩展

27 MySQL Performance SchemaMySQL性能模式

27.1 Performance Schema Quick Start性能架构快速入门

27.2 Performance Schema Build Configuration性能架构生成配置

27.3 Performance Schema Startup Configuration性能架构启动配置

27.4 Performance Schema Runtime Configuration性能架构运行时配置

27.4.1 Performance Schema Event Timing性能架构事件计时

27.4.2 Performance Schema Event Filtering性能架构事件筛选

27.4.3 Event Pre-Filtering事件预筛选

27.4.4 Pre-Filtering by Instrument仪器预过滤

27.4.5 Pre-Filtering by Object按对象预过滤

27.4.6 Pre-Filtering by Thread按线程预过滤

27.4.7 Pre-Filtering by Consumer按消费者预筛选

27.4.8 Example Consumer Configurations消费者配置示例

27.4.9 Naming Instruments or Consumers for Filtering Operations为过滤操作命名工具或使用者

27.4.10 Determining What Is Instrumented确定什么是仪器

27.5 Performance Schema Queries性能架构查询

27.6 Performance Schema Instrument Naming Conventions性能模式仪表命名约定

27.7 Performance Schema Status Monitoring性能架构状态监视

27.8 Performance Schema Atom and Molecule Events原子和分子事件的性能模式

27.9 Performance Schema Tables for Current and Historical Events当前和历史事件的性能架构表

27.10 Performance Schema Statement Digests and Sampling性能模式语句摘要和采样

27.11 Performance Schema General Table Characteristics性能模式常规表特征

27.12 Performance Schema Table Descriptions性能架构表说明

27.12.1 Performance Schema Table Reference性能架构表引用

27.12.2 Performance Schema Setup Tables性能架构设置表

27.12.3 Performance Schema Instance Tables性能架构实例表

27.12.4 Performance Schema Wait Event Tables性能架构等待事件表

27.12.5 Performance Schema Stage Event Tables性能架构阶段事件表

27.12.6 Performance Schema Statement Event Tables性能架构语句事件表

27.12.7 Performance Schema Transaction Tables性能架构事务表

27.12.8 Performance Schema Connection Tables性能架构连接表

27.12.9 Performance Schema Connection Attribute Tables性能架构连接属性表

27.12.10 Performance Schema User-Defined Variable Tables性能模式用户定义变量表

27.12.11 Performance Schema Replication Tables性能架构复制表

27.12.12 Performance Schema NDB Cluster Tables性能模式NDB群集表

27.12.13 Performance Schema Lock Tables性能架构锁表

27.12.14 Performance Schema System Variable Tables性能模式系统变量表

27.12.15 Performance Schema Status Variable Tables性能模式状态变量表

27.12.16 Performance Schema Thread Pool Tables性能架构线程池表

27.12.17 Performance Schema Firewall Tables性能架构防火墙表

27.12.18 Performance Schema Keyring Tables性能架构键环表

27.12.19 Performance Schema Clone Tables性能架构克隆表

27.12.20 Performance Schema Summary Tables性能架构摘要表

27.12.21 Performance Schema Miscellaneous Tables性能架构杂项表

27.13 Performance Schema Option and Variable Reference性能模式选项和变量引用

27.14 Performance Schema Command Options性能模式命令选项

27.15 Performance Schema System Variables性能模式系统变量

27.16 Performance Schema Status Variables性能架构状态变量

27.17 The Performance Schema Memory-Allocation Model性能模式内存分配模型

27.18 Performance Schema and Plugins性能模式和插件

27.19 Using the Performance Schema to Diagnose Problems使用性能模式诊断问题

27.19.1 Query Profiling Using Performance Schema使用性能模式的查询分析

27.19.2 Obtaining Parent Event Information获取父事件信息

27.20 Restrictions on Performance Schema性能模式限制

28 MySQL sys Schema

28.1 Prerequisites for Using the sys Schema使用sys架构的先决条件

28.2 Using the sys Schema使用sys架构

28.3 sys Schema Progress Reporting系统架构进度报告

28.4 sys Schema Object Reference系统架构对象引用

28.4.1 sys Schema Object Index系统架构对象索引

28.4.2 sys Schema Tables and Triggerssys Schema表和触发器

28.4.3 sys Schema Viewssys架构视图

28.4.4 sys Schema Stored Proceduressys架构存储过程

28.4.5 sys Schema Stored Functionssys架构存储函数

29 Connectors and APIs连接器和API

29.1 MySQL Connector/C++

29.2 MySQL Connector/J

29.3 MySQL Connector/NET

29.4 MySQL Connector/ODBC

29.5 MySQL Connector/Python

29.6 MySQL Connector/Node.js

29.7 MySQL C API

29.8 MySQL PHP API

29.9 MySQL Perl API

29.10 MySQL Python API

29.11 MySQL Ruby APIs

29.11.1 The MySQL/Ruby API

29.11.2 The Ruby/MySQL API

29.12 MySQL Tcl API

29.13 MySQL Eiffel Wrapper

30 MySQL Enterprise EditionMySQL企业版

30.1 MySQL Enterprise Monitor OverviewMySQL Enterprise Monitor概述

30.2 MySQL Enterprise Backup OverviewMySQL企业备份概述

30.3 MySQL Enterprise Security OverviewMySQL企业安全概述

30.4 MySQL Enterprise Encryption OverviewMySQL企业加密概述

30.5 MySQL Enterprise Audit OverviewMySQL企业审计概述

30.6 MySQL Enterprise Firewall OverviewMySQL企业防火墙概述

30.7 MySQL Enterprise Thread Pool OverviewMySQL企业线程池概述

30.8 MySQL Enterprise Data Masking and De-Identification OverviewMySQL企业数据屏蔽和反标识概述

31 MySQL WorkbenchMySQL工作台

32 MySQL on the OCI MarketplaceOCI市场上的MySQL

32.1 Prerequisites to Deploying MySQL EE on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure在Oracle云基础设施上部署MySQL EE的前提条件

32.2 Deploying MySQL EE on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure在Oracle云基础设施上部署MySQL EE

32.3 Configuring Network Access配置网络访问

32.4 Connecting连接

32.5 Maintenance维护

A MySQL 8.0 Frequently Asked QuestionsMySQL 8.0常见问题解答

A.1 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: General总则

A.2 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Storage Engines存储引擎

A.3 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Server SQL Mode服务器SQL模式

A.4 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Stored Procedures and Functions存储过程和函数

A.5 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Triggers触发器

A.6 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Views意见

A.7 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: INFORMATION_SCHEMA

A.8 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Migration迁移

A.9 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Security安全

A.10 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: NDB Cluster存储引擎

A.11 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: MySQL Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Character SetsMySQL中文、日文和韩文字符集

A.12 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Connectors & APIs

A.13 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: C API, libmysql

A.14 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Replication复制

A.15 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: MySQL Enterprise Thread PoolMySQL企业线程池

A.16 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: InnoDB Change BufferInnoDB更改缓冲区

A.17 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: InnoDB Data-at-Rest EncryptionInnoDB静态数据加密

A.18 MySQL 8.0 FAQ: Virtualization Support虚拟化支持

B Error Messages and Common Problems错误消息和常见问题

B.1 Error Message Sources and Elements

B.2 Error Information Interfaces

B.3 Problems and Common Errors

B.3.1 How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem

B.3.2 Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs

B.3.3 Administration-Related Issues

B.3.4 Query-Related Issues

B.3.5 Optimizer-Related Issues

B.3.6 Table Definition-Related Issues

B.3.7 Known Issues in MySQL

C Indexes

General Index

C Function Index

Command Index

Function Index

INFORMATION_SCHEMA Index

Join Types Index

Operator Index

Option Index

Privileges Index

SQL Modes Index

Statement/Syntax Index

Status Variable Index

System Variable Index

Transaction Isolation Level Index

MySQL Glossary