Generic Operating System Services通用操作系统服务¶
The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to operating system features that are available on (almost) all operating systems, such as files and a clock. 本章描述的模块提供了操作系统功能的接口，这些功能在（几乎）所有操作系统上都可用，例如文件和时钟。The interfaces are generally modeled after the Unix or C interfaces, but they are available on most other systems as well. Here’s an overview:这些接口通常以Unix或C接口为模型，但在大多数其他系统上也可用。以下是概述：
os—Miscellaneous operating system interfaces其他操作系统接口File Names, Command Line Arguments, and Environment Variables文件名、命令行参数和环境变量- Python UTF-8
Mode模式 Process Parameters工艺参数File Object Creation文件对象创建File Descriptor Operations文件描述符操作Files and Directories文件和目录Process Management流程管理Interface to the scheduler调度程序接口Miscellaneous System Information其他系统信息Random numbers随机数
io—Core tools for working with streams用于处理流的核心工具time—Time access and conversions时间访问和转换argparse—Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands命令行选项、参数和子命令的解析器getopt—C-style parser for command line options用于命令行选项的C风格解析器logging—Logging facility for PythonPython日志记录工具logging.config—Logging configuration日志记录配置logging.handlers—Logging handlers日志记录处理程序getpass—Portable password input便携式密码输入curses—Terminal handling for character-cell displays字符单元显示的终端处理curses.textpad—Text input widget for curses programscurses程序的文本输入小部件curses.ascii—Utilities for ASCII charactersASCII字符实用程序curses.panel—A panel stack extension for curses用于诅咒的面板堆栈扩展platform—Access to underlying platform’s identifying data访问底层平台的标识数据errno—Standard errno system symbols标准errno系统符号ctypes—A foreign function library for PythonPython的外部函数库- ctypes
tutorial辅导的Loading dynamic link libraries加载动态链接库Accessing functions from loaded dlls从加载的DLL访问函数Calling functions调用函数Fundamental data types基本数据类型Calling functions, continued调用函数，续Calling functions with your own custom data types使用自定义数据类型调用函数Specifying the required argument types (function prototypes)指定所需的参数类型（函数原型）Return types返回类型Passing pointers (or: passing parameters by reference)传递指针（或：通过引用传递参数）Structures and unions结构和工会Structure/union alignment and byte order结构/联合对齐和字节顺序Bit fields in structures and unions结构和联合中的位字段Arrays数组Pointers指针Type conversions类型转换Incomplete Types不完整的类型Callback functions回调函数Accessing values exported from dlls访问从DLL导出的值Surprises惊喜Variable-sized data types可变大小的数据类型
- ctypes
reference参考
- ctypes