It upgrades the system tables in the mysql schema so that you can take advantage of new privileges or capabilities that might have been added.它升级了mysql模式中的系统表，以便您可以利用可能添加的新权限或功能。

It upgrades the Performance Schema, INFORMATION_SCHEMA, and sys schema.它升级了性能模式、INFORMATION_SCHEMA和sys模式。

It examines user schemas.它检查用户模式。

--help

Display a short help message and exit.显示简短的帮助消息并退出。

--bind-address=ip_address

On a computer having multiple network interfaces, use this option to select which interface to use for connecting to the MySQL server.在具有多个网络接口的计算机上，使用此选项选择用于连接MySQL服务器的接口。

--character-sets-dir=dir_name

The directory where character sets are installed. 安装字符集的目录。See Section 10.15, “Character Set Configuration”.请参阅第10.15节，“字符集配置”。

--compress, -C

Compress all information sent between the client and the server if possible. See Section 4.2.8, “Connection Compression Control”.如果可能的话，压缩客户端和服务器之间发送的所有信息。参设计师第4.2.8节，“连接压缩控制”。

As of MySQL 8.0.18, this option is deprecated. Expect it to be removed in a future version of MySQL. See Configuring Legacy Connection Compression.从MySQL 8.0.18开始，此选项已被弃用。预计它将在MySQL的未来版本中被删除。请参阅配置传统连接压缩。

--compression-algorithms=value

The permitted compression algorithms for connections to the server. 允许用于连接到服务器的压缩算法。The available algorithms are the same as for the protocol_compression_algorithms system variable. 可用的算法与protocol_compression_algorithms系统变量的算法相同。The default value is uncompressed.默认值为uncompressed。

For more information, see Section 4.2.8, “Connection Compression Control”.有关更多信息，请参阅第4.2.8节，“连接压缩控制”。

This option was added in MySQL 8.0.18.此选项是在MySQL 8.0.18中添加的。

--debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]

Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is d:t:o,file_name. The default is d:t:O,/tmp/mysql_upgrade.trace.编写调试日志。典型的debug_options字符串是d:t:o,file_name。默认值为d:t:O,/tmp/mysql_upgrade.trace。

--debug-check

Print some debugging information when the program exits.程序退出时打印一些调试信息。

--debug-info, -T

Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program exits.程序退出时打印调试信息以及内存和CPU使用统计数据。

--default-auth=plugin

A hint about which client-side authentication plugin to use. See Section 6.2.17, “Pluggable Authentication”.关于使用哪个客户端身份验证插件的提示。参阅第6.2.17节，“可插拔身份验证”。

--default-character-set=charset_name

Use charset_name as the default character set. See Section 10.15, “Character Set Configuration”.使用charset_name作为默认字符集。参阅第10.15节，“字符集配置”。

--defaults-extra-file=file_name

Read this option file after the global option file but (on Unix) before the user option file. 在全局选项文件之后读取此选项文件，但（在Unix上）在用户选项文件之前读取。If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. 如果文件不存在或无法访问，则会发生错误。If file_name is not an absolute path name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.如果file_name不是绝对路径名，则会相对于当前目录进行解释。

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.有关此选项和其他选项文件选项的更多信息，请参阅第4.2.2.3节，“影响选项文件处理的命令行选项”。

--defaults-file=file_name

Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. 仅使用给定的选项文件。如果文件不存在或无法访问，则会发生错误。If file_name is not an absolute path name, it is interpreted relative to the current directory.如果file_name不是绝对路径名，则会相对于当前目录进行解释。

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.有关此选项和其他选项文件选项的更多信息，请参阅第4.2.2.3节，“影响选项文件处理的命令行选项”。

--defaults-group-suffix=str

Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with the usual names and a suffix of str. 不仅要读取常用的选项组，还要读取具有常用名称和后缀str的组。For example, mysql_upgrade normally reads the [client] and [mysql_upgrade] groups. If this option is given as --defaults-group-suffix=_other, mysql_upgrade also reads the [client_other] and [mysql_upgrade_other] groups.例如，mysql_upgrade通常读取[client]和[mysql_upgrade]组。如果将此选项设置为--defaults-group-suffix=_other，mysql_upgrade也会读取[client_other]和[mysql_upgrade_other]组。

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.有关此选项和其他选项文件选项的更多信息，请参阅第4.2.2.3节，“影响选项文件处理的命令行选项”。

--force

Ignore the mysql_upgrade_info file and force execution even if mysql_upgrade has already been executed for the current version of MySQL.忽略mysql_upgrade_info文件并强制执行，即使当前版本的mysql已经执行了mysql_upgade。

--get-server-public-key

Request from the server the public key required for RSA key pair-based password exchange. 从服务器请求基于RSA密钥对的密码交换所需的公钥。This option applies to clients that authenticate with the caching_sha2_password authentication plugin. 此选项适用于使用caching_sha2_password身份验证插件进行身份验证的客户端。For that plugin, the server does not send the public key unless requested. 对于该插件，除非请求，否则服务器不会发送公钥。This option is ignored for accounts that do not authenticate with that plugin. 对于不使用该插件进行身份验证的帐户，此选项将被忽略。It is also ignored if RSA-based password exchange is not used, as is the case when the client connects to the server using a secure connection.如果不使用基于RSA的密码交换，它也会被忽略，就像客户端使用安全连接连接到服务器的情况一样。

If --server-public-key-path=file_name is given and specifies a valid public key file, it takes precedence over --get-server-public-key.如果给定了--server-public-key-path=file_name并指定了一个有效的公钥文件，则它优先于--get-server-public-key。

For information about the caching_sha2_password plugin, see Section 6.4.1.2, “Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”.有关caching_sha2_password插件的信息，请参阅第6.4.1.2节，“缓存SHA-2可插拔身份验证”。

--host=host_name, -h host_name

Connect to the MySQL server on the given host.连接到给定主机上的MySQL服务器。

--login-path=name

Read options from the named login path in the .mylogin.cnf login path file. 从.mylogin.cnf登录路径文件中的指定登录路径读取选项。A “login path” is an option group containing options that specify which MySQL server to connect to and which account to authenticate as. “登录路径”是一个选项组，其中包含指定要连接到哪个MySQL服务器以及要作为哪个帐户进行身份验证的选项。To create or modify a login path file, use the mysql_config_editor utility. 要创建或修改登录路径文件，请使用mysql_config_editor实用程序。See Section 4.6.7, “mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility”.请参阅第4.6.7节，“mysql_config编辑器--mysql配置实用程序”。

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.有关此选项和其他选项文件选项的更多信息，请参阅第4.2.2.3节，“影响选项文件处理的命令行选项”。

--max-allowed-packet=value

The maximum size of the buffer for client/server communication. The default value is 24MB. The minimum and maximum values are 4KB and 2GB.客户端/服务器通信的最大缓冲区大小。默认值为24MB。最小值和最大值分别为4KB和2GB。

--net-buffer-length=value

The initial size of the buffer for client/server communication. The default value is 1MB − 1KB. The minimum and maximum values are 4KB and 16MB.客户端/服务器通信缓冲区的初始大小。默认值为1MB 1KB。最小值和最大值分别为4KB和16MB。

--no-defaults

Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due to reading unknown options from an option file, --no-defaults can be used to prevent them from being read.不要读取任何选项文件。如果程序启动因从选项文件中读取未知选项而失败，则使用--no-defaults来阻止读取它们。

The exception is that the .mylogin.cnf file is read in all cases, if it exists. 例外的是，.mylogin.cnf文件在所有情况下都会被读取（如果存在的话）。This permits passwords to be specified in a safer way than on the command line even when --no-defaults is used. 这允许以比命令行更安全的方式指定密码，即使使用--no-defaults。To create .mylogin.cnf, use the mysql_config_editor utility. 要创建.mylogin.cnf，请使用mysql_config_editor实用程序。See Section 4.6.7, “mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility”.请参阅第4.6.7节，“mysql_config编辑器--mysql配置实用程序”。

For additional information about this and other option-file options, see Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.有关此选项和其他选项文件选项的更多信息，请参阅第4.2.2.3节，“影响选项文件处理的命令行选项”。

--password[=password], -p[password]

The password of the MySQL account used for connecting to the server. The password value is optional. 用于连接到服务器的MySQL帐户的密码。密码值是可选的。If not given, mysql_upgrade prompts for one. If given, there must be no space between --password= or -p and the password following it. 如果没有给出，mysql_upgrade会提示输入一个。如果给定，则--password=或-p与后面的密码之间不得有空格。If no password option is specified, the default is to send no password.如果未指定密码选项，则默认为不发送密码。

Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. To avoid giving the password on the command line, use an option file. See Section 6.1.2.1, “End-User Guidelines for Password Security”.在命令行上指定密码应被视为不安全。为了避免在命令行上输入密码，请使用选项文件。请参阅第6.1.2.1节，“密码安全最终用户指南”。

To explicitly specify that there is no password and that mysql_upgrade should not prompt for one, use the --skip-password option.要明确指定没有密码并且mysql_upgrade不应提示输入密码，请使用--skip-password选项。

--pipe, -W

On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. This option applies only if the server was started with the named_pipe system variable enabled to support named-pipe connections. 在Windows上，使用命名管道连接到服务器。仅当服务器启动时启用了named_pipe系统变量以支持命名管道连接时，此选项才适用。In addition, the user making the connection must be a member of the Windows group specified by the named_pipe_full_access_group system variable.此外，进行连接的用户必须是named_pipe_full_access_group系统变量指定的Windows组的成员。

--plugin-dir=dir_name

The directory in which to look for plugins. 查找插件的目录。Specify this option if the --default-auth option is used to specify an authentication plugin but mysql_upgrade does not find it. See Section 6.2.17, “Pluggable Authentication”.如果使用--default-auth选项指定身份验证插件，但mysql_upgrade找不到它，请指定此选项。请参阅第6.2.17节，“可插拔身份验证”。

--port=port_num, -P port_num

For TCP/IP connections, the port number to use.对于TCP/IP连接，要使用的端口号。

--print-defaults

Print the program name and all options that it gets from option files.打印程序名称及其从选项文件中获取的所有选项。

--protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}

The transport protocol to use for connecting to the server. 用于连接到服务器的传输协议。It is useful when the other connection parameters normally result in use of a protocol other than the one you want. 当其他连接参数通常导致使用与您想要的协议不同的协议时，它很有用。For details on the permissible values, see Section 4.2.7, “Connection Transport Protocols”.有关允许值的详细信息，请参阅第4.2.7节，“连接传输协议”。

--server-public-key-path=file_name

The path name to a file in PEM format containing a client-side copy of the public key required by the server for RSA key pair-based password exchange. PEM格式文件的路径名，该文件包含服务器基于RSA密钥对进行密码交换所需的公钥客户端副本。This option applies to clients that authenticate with the sha256_password or caching_sha2_password authentication plugin. 此选项适用于使用sha256_password或caching_sha2_password身份验证插件进行身份验证的客户端。This option is ignored for accounts that do not authenticate with one of those plugins. It is also ignored if RSA-based password exchange is not used, as is the case when the client connects to the server using a secure connection.对于未使用这些插件之一进行身份验证的帐户，此选项将被忽略。如果不使用基于RSA的密码交换，它也会被忽略，就像客户端使用安全连接连接到服务器的情况一样。

If --server-public-key-path=file_name is given and specifies a valid public key file, it takes precedence over --get-server-public-key.如果给定了--server-public-key-path=file_name并指定了一个有效的公钥文件，则它优先于--get-server-public-key。

For sha256_password, this option applies only if MySQL was built using OpenSSL.对于sha256_password，此选项仅适用于使用OpenSSL构建MySQL的情况。

For information about the sha256_password and caching_sha2_password plugins, see Section 6.4.1.3, “SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication”, and Section 6.4.1.2, “Caching SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”.有关sha256_password和caching_sha2_password插件的信息，请参阅第6.4.1.3节，“SHA-256可插拔身份验证”和第6.4.1.2节，“缓存SHA-2可插拔身份认证”。

--shared-memory-base-name=name

On Windows, the shared-memory name to use for connections made using shared memory to a local server. The default value is MYSQL. The shared-memory name is case-sensitive.在Windows上，用于使用共享内存连接到本地服务器的共享内存名称。默认值为MYSQL。共享内存名称区分大小写。

This option applies only if the server was started with the shared_memory system variable enabled to support shared-memory connections.此选项仅适用于服务器启动时启用了shared_memory系统变量以支持共享内存连接的情况。

--skip-sys-schema

By default, mysql_upgrade installs the sys schema if it is not installed, and upgrades it to the current version otherwise. 默认情况下，mysql_upgrade会安装sys架构（如果未安装），否则会将其升级到当前版本。The --skip-sys-schema option suppresses this behavior.--skip-sys-schema选项会抑制此行为。

--socket=path, -S path

For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.对于与localhost的连接，使用Unix套接字文件，或者在Windows上，使用命名管道的名称。

On Windows, this option applies only if the server was started with the named_pipe system variable enabled to support named-pipe connections. 在Windows上，此选项仅在服务器启动时启用了named_pipe系统变量以支持命名管道连接时适用。In addition, the user making the connection must be a member of the Windows group specified by the named_pipe_full_access_group system variable.此外，进行连接的用户必须是named_pipe_full_access_group系统变量指定的Windows组的成员。

--ssl*

Options that begin with --ssl specify whether to connect to the server using encryption and indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. See Command Options for Encrypted Connections.以--ssl开头的选项指定是否使用加密连接到服务器，并指示在哪里查找ssl密钥和证书。请参见加密连接的命令选项。

--ssl-fips-mode={OFF|ON|STRICT}

Controls whether to enable FIPS mode on the client side. The --ssl-fips-mode option differs from other --ssl-xxx options in that it is not used to establish encrypted connections, but rather to affect which cryptographic operations to permit. 控制是否在客户端启用FIPS模式。--ssl-fips-mode选项与其他--ssl-xxx选项的不同之处在于，它不用于建立加密连接，而是影响允许的加密操作。See Section 6.8, “FIPS Support”.请参阅第6.8节，“FIPS支持”。

These --ssl-fips-mode values are permitted:允许使用以下--ssl-fips-mode值：

--tls-ciphersuites=ciphersuite_list

The permissible ciphersuites for encrypted connections that use TLSv1.3. The value is a list of one or more colon-separated ciphersuite names. 允许的密码适用于使用TLSv1.3的加密连接。该值是一个或多个冒号分隔的密码套件名称的列表。The ciphersuites that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. 可以为此选项命名的密码套件取决于用于编译MySQL的SSL库。For details, see Section 6.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”.有关详细信息，请参阅第6.3.2节，“加密连接TLS协议和密码”。

This option was added in MySQL 8.0.16.此选项是在MySQL 8.0.16中添加的。

--tls-version=protocol_list

The permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections. The value is a list of one or more comma-separated protocol names. The protocols that can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. 加密连接的允许TLS协议。该值是一个或多个逗号分隔的协议名称的列表。可以为此选项命名的协议取决于用于编译MySQL的SSL库。For details, see Section 6.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”.有关详细信息，请参阅第6.3.2节，“加密连接TLS协议和密码”。

--upgrade-system-tables, -s

Upgrade only the system tables in the mysql schema, do not upgrade user schemas.只升级mysql模式中的系统表，不要升级用户模式。

--user=user_name, -u user_name

The user name of the MySQL account to use for connecting to the server. The default user name is root.用于连接到服务器的MySQL帐户的用户名。默认用户名为root。

--verbose

Verbose mode. Print more information about what the program does.详细模式。打印有关程序功能的更多信息。

--version-check, -k

Check the version of the server to which mysql_upgrade is connecting to verify that it is the same as the version for which mysql_upgrade was built. 检查mysql_upgrade连接到的服务器的版本，以验证它是否与mysql_upgade构建的版本相同。If not, mysql_upgrade exits. This option is enabled by default; to disable the check, use --skip-version-check.如果没有，mysql_upgrade退出。默认情况下启用此选项；要禁用检查，请使用--skip-version-check。

--write-binlog

By default, binary logging by mysql_upgrade is disabled. 默认情况下，禁用mysql_upgrade的二进制日志记录。Invoke the program with --write-binlog if you want its actions to be written to the binary log.如果您希望将程序的操作写入二进制日志，请使用--write-binlog调用程序。

When the server is running with global transaction identifiers (GTIDs) enabled (gtid_mode=ON), do not enable binary logging by mysql_upgrade.当服务器在启用全局事务标识符（gtid）（gtid_mode=ON）的情况下运行时，不要通过mysql_upgrade启用二进制日志记录。

--zstd-compression-level=level

The compression level to use for connections to the server that use the zstd compression algorithm. 用于连接到使用zstd压缩算法的服务器的压缩级别。The permitted levels are from 1 to 22, with larger values indicating increasing levels of compression. 允许的级别为1到22，较大的值表示压缩级别增加。The default zstd compression level is 3. The compression level setting has no effect on connections that do not use zstd compression.默认的zstd压缩级别为3。压缩级别设置对不使用zstd压缩的连接没有影响。

For more information, see Section 4.2.8, “Connection Compression Control”.有关更多信息，请参阅第4.2.8节，“连接压缩控制”。

This option was added in MySQL 8.0.18.此选项是在MySQL 8.0.18中添加的。