The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international consortium of more than 250 companies, agencies, and universities participating in the development of publicly available conceptual solutions that can be useful with all kinds of applications that manage spatial data.开放地理空间联合会（OGC)是一个由250多家公司、机构和大学组成的国际联合会，参与开发可公开获得的概念解决方案，这些解决方案可用于管理空间数据的各种应用程序。
The Open Geospatial Consortium publishes the OpenGIS® Implementation Standard for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 2: SQL option, a document that proposes several conceptual ways for extending an SQL RDBMS to support spatial data. 开放地理空间联合会发布了OpenGIS®地理信息实现标准-简单要素访问-第2部分：SQL选项，该文件提出了扩展SQL RDBMS以支持空间数据的几种概念性方法。This specification is available from the OGC website at http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfs.本规范可从OGC网站获取，网址为http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfs。
Following the OGC specification, MySQL implements spatial extensions as a subset of the SQL with Geometry Types environment. 遵循OGC规范，MySQL将空间扩展作为SQL与几何类型环境的一个子集来实现。This term refers to an SQL environment that has been extended with a set of geometry types. 此术语指的是已使用一组几何图形类型进行扩展的SQL环境。A geometry-valued SQL column is implemented as a column that has a geometry type. 几何值SQL列被实现为具有几何类型的列。The specification describes a set of SQL geometry types, as well as functions on those types to create and analyze geometry values.规范描述了一组SQL几何体类型，以及这些类型上用于创建和分析几何体值的函数。
MySQL spatial extensions enable the generation, storage, and analysis of geographic features:MySQL空间扩展支持地理特征的生成、存储和分析：
Data types for representing spatial values表示空间值的数据类型
Functions for manipulating spatial values用于操纵空间值的函数
Spatial indexing for improved access times to spatial columns空间索引提高了对空间列的访问时间
The spatial data types and functions are available for 空间数据类型和函数可用于MyISAM, InnoDB, NDB, and ARCHIVE tables. MyISAM、InnoDB、NDB和ARCHIVE表。For indexing spatial columns, 对于索引空间列，MyISAM and InnoDB support both SPATIAL and non-SPATIAL indexes. MyISAM和InnoDB同时支持空间索引和非空间索引。The other storage engines support non-其他存储引擎支持非空间索引，如第13.1.15节“创建索引语句”所述。SPATIAL indexes, as described in Section 13.1.15, “CREATE INDEX Statement”.
A geographic feature is anything in the world that has a location. 地理特征是指世界上任何有地理位置的东西。A feature can be:特征可以是：
An entity. 一个实体。For example, a mountain, a pond, a city.例如，一座山，一个池塘，一座城市。
A space. 一个空间。For example, town district, the tropics.例如，城镇区，热带地区。
A definable location. 可确定的地点。For example, a crossroad, as a particular place where two streets intersect.例如，十字路口，两条街道相交的地方。
Some documents use the term geospatial feature to refer to geographic features.有些文档使用术语地理空间特征来指代地理特征。
Geometry is another word that denotes a geographic feature. 几何是另一个表示地理特征的词。Originally the word geometry meant measurement of the earth. 最初，几何一词的意思是测量土地。Another meaning comes from cartography, referring to the geometric features that cartographers use to map the world.另一个含义来自制图，指的是制图者用来绘制世界地图的几何特征。
The discussion here considers these terms synonymous: geographic feature, geospatial feature, feature, or geometry. 这里的讨论认为这些术语同义：地理特征、地理空间特征、特征或几何。The term most commonly used is geometry, defined as a point or an aggregate of points representing anything in the world that has a location.最常用的术语是几何学，定义为一个点或点的集合，表示世界上任何有位置的东西。
The following material covers these topics:以下材料涵盖这些主题：
The spatial data types implemented in MySQL modelMySQL模型中空间数据类型的实现
The basis of the spatial extensions in the OpenGIS geometry modelOpenGIS几何模型空间扩展的基础
Data formats for representing spatial data表示空间数据的数据格式
How to use spatial data in MySQL如何在MySQL中使用空间数据
Use of indexing for spatial data空间数据索引的使用
MySQL differences from the OpenGIS specificationMySQL与OpenGIS规范的区别
For information about functions that operate on spatial data, see Section 12.17, “Spatial Analysis Functions”.有关操作空间数据的函数的信息，请参阅第12.17节“空间分析函数”。
These standards are important for the MySQL implementation of spatial operations:这些标准对于空间操作的MySQL实现非常重要：
SQL/MM Part 3: Spatial.
The Open Geospatial Consortium publishes the OpenGIS® Implementation Standard for Geographic information, a document that proposes several conceptual ways for extending an SQL RDBMS to support spatial data. 开放地理空间联合会发布了OpenGIS®地理信息实现标准，该文件提出了几种扩展SQL RDBMS以支持空间数据的概念性方法。See in particular Simple Feature Access - Part 1: Common Architecture, and Simple Feature Access - Part 2: SQL Option. 请特别参阅简单功能访问-第1部分：通用体系结构和简单功能访问-第2部分：SQL选项。The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) maintains a website at http://www.opengeospatial.org/. 开放地理空间联盟（OGC)官网在http://www.opengeospatial.org/。The specification is available there at http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfs. 规范文档可在http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfs找到。It contains additional information relevant to the material here.它包含与此处材料相关的附加信息。
The grammar for spatial reference system (SRS) definitions is based on the grammar defined in OpenGIS Implementation Specification: Coordinate Transformation Services, Revision 1.00, OGC 01-009, January 12, 2001, Section 7.2. 空间参考系（SRS)定义的语法基于OpenGIS实现规范：坐标转换服务，1.00版，OGC 01-0092001年1月12日，第7.2节中定义的语法。This specification is available at http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/ct. 本规范文档可在http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/ct找到。For differences from that specification in SRS definitions as implemented in MySQL, see Section 13.1.19, “CREATE SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Statement”.有关在MySQL中实现的SRS定义中与该规范的差异，请参阅第13.1.19节“创建空间引用系统语句”。
If you have questions or concerns about the use of the spatial extensions to MySQL, you can discuss them in the GIS forum: https://forums.mysql.com/list.php?23.如果您对MySQL空间扩展的使用有疑问或担忧，可以在GIS论坛上讨论：https://forums.mysql.com/list.php?23。