$elemMatch (query)¶

Element Match元素匹配¶

Given the following documents in the scores collection:考虑到scores集合中的以下文档：

{ _id: 1, results: [ 82, 85, 88 ] }
{ _id: 2, results: [ 75, 88, 89 ] }

The following query matches only those documents where the results array contains at least one element that is both greater than or equal to 80 and is less than 85:以下查询仅匹配results数组中至少包含一个大于或等于80且小于85的元素的文档：

db.scores.find(
   { results: { $elemMatch: { $gte: 80, $lt: 85 } } }
)

The query returns the following document since the element 82 is both greater than or equal to 80 and is less than 85:由于元素82大于或等于80且小于85，因此查询返回以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "results" : [ 82, 85, 88 ] }

For more information on specifying multiple criteria on array elements, see Specify Multiple Conditions for Array Elements.有关在数组元素上指定多个条件的详细信息，请参阅为数组元素指定多个条件。

Array of Embedded Documents嵌入文档数组¶

This statement inserts documents into the survey collection:此语句将文档插入到survey集合中：

db.survey.insertMany( [
   { "_id": 1, "results": [ { "product": "abc", "score": 10 },
                            { "product": "xyz", "score": 5 } ] },
   { "_id": 2, "results": [ { "product": "abc", "score": 8 },
                            { "product": "xyz", "score": 7 } ] },
   { "_id": 3, "results": [ { "product": "abc", "score": 7 },
                            { "product": "xyz", "score": 8 } ] },
   { "_id": 4, "results": [ { "product": "abc", "score": 7 },
                            { "product": "def", "score": 8 } ] }
] )

The following query matches only those documents where the results array contains at least one element with both product equal to "xyz" and score greater than or equal to 8:以下查询仅匹配results数组至少包含一个元素其product等于"xyz"且score大于或等于8的文档：

db.survey.find(
   { results: { $elemMatch: { product: "xyz", score: { $gte: 8 } } } }
)

Specifically, the query matches the following document:具体而言，查询与以下文档匹配：

{ "_id" : 3, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 7 },
                           { "product" : "xyz", "score" : 8 } ] }

Single Query Condition单查询条件¶

If you specify a single query predicate in the $elemMatch expression, and are not using the $not or $ne operators inside of $elemMatch, $elemMatch can be omitted.如果在$elemMatch表达式中指定单个查询谓词，并且未在$elemMatch中使用$not或$ne运算符，则可以省略$elemMatch。

The following examples return the same documents.以下示例返回相同的文档。

With $elemMatch:使用$elemMatch：

db.survey.find(
   { results: { $elemMatch: { product: "xyz" } } }
)

Without <$elemMatch:不使用$elemMatch：

db.survey.find(
   { "results.product": "xyz" }
)

However, if your $elemMatch expression contains the $not or $ne operators then omitting the $elemMatch expression changes the documents returned.但是，如果$elemMatch表达式包含$not或$ne运算符，则省略$elemMatch表达式会更改返回的文档。

The following examples return different documents.以下示例返回不同的文档。

With $elemMatch:使用$elemMatch：

db.survey.find(
   { "results": { $elemMatch: { product: { $ne: "xyz" } } } }
)

Without $elemMatch:不使用$elemMatch：

db.survey.find(
   { "results.product": { $ne: "xyz" } }
)

With $elemMatch, the first query returns these documents:使用$elemMatch，第一个查询将返回以下文档：

{ "_id" : 1, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 10 },
                           { "product" : "xyz", "score" : 5 } ] }
{ "_id" : 2, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 8 },
                           { "product" : "xyz", "score" : 7 } ] }
{ "_id" : 3, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 7 },
                           { "product" : "xyz", "score" : 8 } ] }
{ "_id" : 4, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 7 },
                           { "product" : "def", "score" : 8 } ] }

Without $elemMatch, the second query returns this document:不使用$elemMatch，第二个查询将返回此文档：

{ "_id" : 4, "results" : [ { "product" : "abc", "score" : 7 },
                           { "product" : "def", "score" : 8 } ] }

The first query returns the documents where any product in the results array is not "xyz". 第一个查询返回results数组中任一个product不是"xyz"的文档。The second query returns the documents where all of the products in the results array are not "xyz".第二个查询返回"xyz"数组中的所有product都不是"xyz"的文档。