db.collection.insert()¶

Write Concern写入关注点¶

The insert() method uses the insert command, which uses the default write concern. insert()方法使用insert命令，该命令使用默认的写关注点。To specify a different write concern, include the write concern in the options parameter.要指定不同的写入关注点，请在options参数中包含写入关注点。

Create Collection创建集合¶

If the collection does not exist, then the insert() method will create the collection.如果集合不存在，则insert()方法将创建集合。

_id Field字段¶

If the document does not specify an _id field, then MongoDB will add the _id field and assign a unique ObjectId for the document before inserting. 如果文档没有指定_id字段，则MongoDB将添加_id字段，并在插入之前为文档分配唯一的ObjectId。Most drivers create an ObjectId and insert the _id field, but the mongod will create and populate the _id if the driver or application does not.大多数驱动程序创建ObjectId并插入_id字段，但如果驱动程序或应用程序不创建并填充_id，mongod将创建并填充。

If the document contains an _id field, the _id value must be unique within the collection to avoid duplicate key error.如果文档包含_id字段，_id值在集合中必须是唯一的，以避免重复键错误。

Transactions事务¶

db.collection.insert() can be used inside multi-document transactions.可以在多文档事务中使用。

Insert a Document without Specifying an _id Field在不指定_id字段的情况下插入文档¶

In the following example, the document passed to the insert() method does not contain the _id field:在以下示例中，传递给insert()方法的文档不包含_id字段：

db.products.insert( { item: "card", qty: 15 } )

During the insert, mongod will create the _id field and assign it a unique ObjectId value, as verified by the inserted document:在插入过程中，mongod将创建_id字段，并为其分配一个唯一的ObjectId值，由插入的文档验证：

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5063114bd386d8fadbd6b004"), "item" : "card", "qty" : 15 }

The ObjectId values are specific to the machine and time when the operation is run. ObjectId值特定于机器和运行操作的时间。As such, your values may differ from those in the example.因此，您的值可能与示例中的值不同。

Insert a Document Specifying an _id Field插入指定_id字段的文档¶

In the following example, the document passed to the insert() method includes the _id field. 在下面的示例中，传递给insert()方法的文档包含_id字段。The value of _id must be unique within the collection to avoid duplicate key error._id的值在集合中必须是唯一的，以避免重复密钥错误。

db.products.insert( { _id: 10, item: "box", qty: 20 } )

The operation inserts the following document in the products collection:该操作将在products集合中插入以下文档：

{ "_id" : 10, "item" : "box", "qty" : 20 }

Insert Multiple Documents插入多个文档¶

The following example performs a bulk insert of three documents by passing an array of documents to the insert() method. 下面的示例通过向insert()方法传递一个文档数组来执行三个文档的大容量插入。By default, MongoDB performs an ordered insert. 默认情况下，MongoDB执行有序插入。With ordered inserts, if an error occurs during an insert of one of the documents, MongoDB returns on error without processing the remaining documents in the array.对于有序插入，如果在插入其中一个文档时发生错误，MongoDB将返回错误，而不处理数组中的其余文档。

The documents in the array do not need to have the same fields. 数组中的文档不需要有相同的字段。For instance, the first document in the array has an _id field and a type field. 例如，数组中的第一个文档有一个_id字段和一个type字段。Because the second and third documents do not contain an _id field, mongod will create the _id field for the second and third documents during the insert:由于第二和第三个文档不包含_id字段，mongod将在插入过程中为第二和第三个文档创建_id字段：

db.products.insert(
   [
     { _id: 11, item: "pencil", qty: 50, type: "no.2" },
     { item: "pen", qty: 20 },
     { item: "eraser", qty: 25 }
   ]
)

The operation inserted the following three documents:该操作插入了以下三个文档：

{ "_id" : 11, "item" : "pencil", "qty" : 50, "type" : "no.2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e0373c6f35bd826f47e9a0"), "item" : "pen", "qty" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("51e0373c6f35bd826f47e9a1"), "item" : "eraser", "qty" : 25 }

Perform an Unordered Insert执行无序插入¶

The following example performs an unordered insert of three documents. 以下示例执行三个文档的无序插入。With unordered inserts, if an error occurs during an insert of one of the documents, MongoDB continues to insert the remaining documents in the array.对于无序插入，如果插入其中一个文档时发生错误，MongoDB将继续在数组中插入其余文档。

db.products.insert(
   [
     { _id: 20, item: "lamp", qty: 50, type: "desk" },
     { _id: 21, item: "lamp", qty: 20, type: "floor" },
     { _id: 22, item: "bulk", qty: 100 }
   ],
   { ordered: false }
)

Override Default Write Concern覆盖默认写关注点¶

The following operation to a replica set specifies a write concern of "w: majority" with a wtimeout of 5000 milliseconds such that the method returns after the write propagates to a majority of the voting replica set members or the method times out after 5 seconds.以下对副本集的操作指定了一个写关注点"w: majority"，wtimeout为5000毫秒，这样该方法在写入传播到大多数投票副本集成员后返回，或者该方法在5秒后超时。

db.products.insert(
    { item: "envelopes", qty : 100, type: "Clasp" },
    { writeConcern: { w: "majority", wtimeout: 5000 } }
)

Successful Results成功的结果¶

The insert() returns a WriteResult object that contains the status of the operation. insert()返回一个WriteResult对象，该对象包含操作的状态。Upon success, the WriteResult object contains information on the number of documents inserted:成功后，WriteResult对象包含有关插入的文档数的信息：

WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

Write Concern Errors写关注错误¶

If the insert() method encounters write concern errors, the results include the WriteResult.writeConcernError field:如果insert()方法遇到写问题错误，结果包括WriteResult.writeConcernError字段：

WriteResult({
  "nInserted" : 1,
  "writeConcernError"({
     "code" : 64,
     "errmsg" : "waiting for replication timed out",
     "errInfo" : {
       "wtimeout" : true,
       "writeConcern" : {    // Added in MongoDB 4.4
         "w" : "majority",
         "wtimeout" : 100,
         "provenance" : "getLastErrorDefaults"
       }
     }
})

Errors Unrelated to Write Concern与写问题无关的错误¶

If the insert() method encounters a non-write concern error, the results include the WriteResult.writeError field:如果insert()方法遇到非写问题错误，则结果包括WriteResult.writeError字段：

WriteResult({
   "nInserted" : 0,
   "writeError" : {
      "code" : 11000,
      "errmsg" : "insertDocument :: caused by :: 11000 E11000 duplicate key error index: test.foo.$_id_  dup key: { : 1.0 }"
   }
})