Replica Set Arbiter

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In some circumstances (such as you have a primary and a secondary but cost constraints prohibit adding another secondary), you may choose to add an arbiter to your replica set. An arbiter does not have a copy of data set and cannot become a primary. However, an arbiter participates in elections for primary. An arbiter has exactly 1 election vote.

Changed in version 3.6.在版本3.6中更改。Starting in MongoDB 3.6, arbiters have priority 0. When you upgrade a replica set to MongoDB 3.6, if the existing configuration has an arbiter with priority 1, MongoDB 3.6 reconfigures the arbiter to have priority 0.

Important

Do not run an arbiter on systems that also host the primary or the secondary members of the replica set.

To add an arbiter, see Add an Arbiter to Replica Set.

Example示例

For example, in the following replica set with a 2 data bearing members (the primary and a secondary), an arbiter allows the set to have an odd number of votes to break a tie:

Diagram of a replica set that consists of a primary, a secondary, and an arbiter.

Read Concern majority and Three-Member PSA

For 3-Member Primary-Secondary-Arbiter Architecture*

If you have a three-member replica set with a primary-secondary-arbiter (PSA) architecture or a sharded cluster with a three-member PSA shards, the cache pressure will increase if any data bearing node is down and support for "majority" read concern is enabled.

To prevent the storage cache pressure from immobilizing a deployment with a three-member primary-secondary-arbiter (PSA) architecture, you can disable read concern “majority” starting in MongoDB 4.0.3 (and 3.6.1+). For more information, see Disable Read Concern Majority.

Replica Set Protocol Version and Arbiter

For the following MongoDB versions, pv1 increases the likelihood of w:1 rollbacks compared to pv0 (no longer supported in MongoDB 4.0+) for replica sets with arbiters:

See Replica Set Protocol Version.

Security

Authentication

When running with authorization, arbiters exchange credentials with other members of the set to authenticate. MongoDB encrypts the authentication process, and the MongoDB authentication exchange is cryptographically secure.

Because arbiters do not store data, they do not possess the internal table of user and role mappings used for authentication. Thus, the only way to log on to an arbiter with authorization active is to use the localhost exception.

Communication

The only communication between arbiters and other set members are: votes during elections, heartbeats, and configuration data. These exchanges are not encrypted.

However, if your MongoDB deployment uses TLS/SSL, MongoDB will encrypt all communication between replica set members. See Configure mongod and mongos for TLS/SSL for more information.

As with all MongoDB components, run arbiters in trusted network environments.