Full-Screen Exclusive Mode全屏独占模式

Programmers who use Microsoft's DirectX API may already be familiar with full-screen exclusive mode. Other programmers may be somewhat new to the concept. 使用微软DirectX API的程序员可能已经熟悉全屏独占模式。其他程序员可能对这个概念有些陌生。In either case, full-screen exclusive mode is a powerful feature of J2SE™ version 1.4 that allows the programmer to suspend the windowing system so that drawing can be done directly to the screen.无论哪种情况，全屏独占模式都是J2SE™版本1.4的强大功能，允许程序员暂停窗口系统，以便可以直接在屏幕上绘制。

This is a slight paradigm shift from the usual kind of GUI program in many ways. 这在许多方面与通常的GUI程序略有不同。In traditional Java GUI programs, the AWT is responsible for propagating paint events from the operating system, through the event dispatch thread, and by calling AWT's Component.paint method when appropriate. 在传统的JavaGUI程序中，AWT负责通过事件调度线程从操作系统传播绘制事件，并在适当时调用AWT的Component.paint方法。In full-screen exclusive applications, painting is usually done actively by the program itself. 在全屏独占应用程序中，绘画通常由程序本身主动完成。Additionally, a traditional GUI application is limited to the bit depth and size of the screen chosen by the user. 此外，传统的GUI应用程序仅限于用户选择的屏幕的位深度和大小。In a full-screen exclusive application, the program can control the bit depth and size (display mode) of the screen. Finally, many more advanced techniques, such as page flipping (discussed below) and stereo buffering (utilizing systems which use a separate set of frames for each eye) require, on some platforms, that an application first be in full-screen exclusive mode.在全屏专用应用程序中，程序可以控制屏幕的位深度和大小（显示模式）。最后，在一些平台上，许多更先进的技术，如页面翻转（下文讨论）和立体声缓冲（利用为每只眼睛使用一组单独的帧的系统），要求应用程序首先处于全屏独占模式。

Hardware-Accelerated Image Basics硬件加速图像基础

To understand the full-screen exclusive mode API, you need to understand some basic principles of hardware-accelerated images. 要了解全屏独占模式API，您需要了解硬件加速映像的一些基本原理。The VolatileImage interface encapsulates a surface which may or may not take advantage of hardware acceleration. VolatileImage接口封装了一个可以利用或不利用硬件加速的表面。Such surfaces may lose their hardware acceleration or their memory at the behest of the operating system (hence, the name 'volatile'). 在操作系统的要求下，这些表面可能会失去硬件加速或内存（因此，名称为“易失性”）。See the VolatileImage Tutorial (coming soon) for more information on volatile images.有关volatile图像的更多信息，请参阅VolatileImage教程（即将推出）。

Full-screen exclusive mode is handled through a java.awt.GraphicsDevice object. 全屏独占模式通过java.awt.GraphicsDevice对象处理。For a list of all available screen graphics devices (in single or multi-monitor systems), you can call the method getScreenDevices on the local java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment; for the default (primary) screen (the only screen on a single-monitor system), you can call the method getDefaultScreenDevice.对于所有可用屏幕图形设备的列表（在单监视器或多监视器系统中），您可以在本地java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment上调用方法getScreenDevices；对于默认（主）屏幕（单监视器系统上的唯一屏幕），可以调用方法getDefaultScreenDevice。

Once you have the graphics device, you can call one of the following methods:拥有图形设备后，可以调用以下方法之一：

• public boolean isFullScreenSupported()
  This method returns whether or not full-screen exclusive mode is available. 此方法返回全屏独占模式是否可用。On systems where full-screen exclusive mode is not available, it is probably better to run an application in windowed mode with a fixed size rather than setting a full-screen window.在全屏独占模式不可用的系统上，最好以固定大小的窗口模式运行应用程序，而不是设置全屏窗口。
• public void setFullScreenWindow(Window w)
  Given a window, this method enters full-screen exclusive mode using that window. 给定一个窗口，此方法使用该窗口进入全屏独占模式。If full-screen exclusive mode is not available, the window is positioned at (0,0) and resized to fit the screen. 如果全屏独占模式不可用，窗口将位于（0,0）并调整大小以适应屏幕。Use this method with a null parameter to exit full-screen exclusive mode.将此方法与null参数一起使用可退出全屏独占模式。

Programming Tips编程技巧

Here are some tips about programming using full-screen exclusive mode:以下是有关使用全屏独占模式编程的一些提示：

• Check for isFullScreenSupported before entering full-screen exclusive mode. 在进入全屏独占模式之前，请检查是否支持ISFullScreen。If it isn't supported, performance may be degraded.如果不支持，性能可能会下降。
• Entering and exiting full-screen mode is more robust when using a try...finally clause. 当使用try..finally子句时，进入和退出全屏模式更加稳健。This is not only good coding practice, but it also prevents your program from staying in full-screen exclusive mode longer than it should:这不仅是一种良好的编码实践，还可以防止程序在全屏独占模式下停留的时间过长：

  GraphicsDevice myDevice;
  Window myWindow;
  
  try {
      myDevice.setFullScreenWindow(myWindow);
      ...
  } finally {
      myDevice.setFullScreenWindow(null);
  }

• Most full-screen exclusive applications are better suited to use undecorated windows. 大多数全屏独占应用程序更适合使用未装饰的窗口。Turn off decorations in a frame or dialog using the setUndecorated method.使用setUndercorated方法关闭框架或对话框中的装饰。
• Full-screen exclusive applications should not be resizeable, since resizing a full-screen application can cause unpredictable (or possibly dangerous) behavior.全屏独占应用程序不应可调整大小，因为调整全屏应用程序的大小可能会导致不可预测（或可能危险）的行为。
• For security reasons, the user must grant fullScreenExclusive permission when using full-screen exclusive mode in an applet.出于安全原因，在小程序中使用全屏独占模式时，用户必须授予fullScreenExclusive权限。