Lesson: Basic I/O课程：基本输入输出

This lesson covers the Java platform classes used for basic I/O.本课程介绍用于基本I/O的Java平台类。It first focuses on I/O Streams, a powerful concept that greatly simplifies I/O operations.它首先关注I/O流，这是一个强大的概念，可以极大地简化I/O操作。The lesson also looks at serialization, which lets a program write whole objects out to streams and read them back again.本课程还将介绍序列化，它允许程序将整个对象写入流，然后重新读取。Then the lesson looks at file I/O and file system operations, including random access files.然后，本课程将介绍文件I/O和文件系统操作，包括随机访问文件。

Most of the classes covered in the I/O Streams section are in the java.io package.I/O Streams部分中涉及的大多数类都在java.io包中。Most of the classes covered in the File I/O section are in the java.nio.file package.File I/O部分中涉及的大多数类都在java.nio.File包中。

I/O StreamsI/O流

• Byte Streams字节流 handle I/O of raw binary data.处理原始二进制数据的I/O。
• Character Streams字符流 handle I/O of character data, automatically handling translation to and from the local character set.处理字符数据的I/O，自动处理与本地字符集之间的转换。
• Buffered Streams缓冲流 optimize input and output by reducing the number of calls to the native API.通过减少对本机API的调用次数来优化输入和输出。
• Scanning and Formatting扫描和格式化 allows a program to read and write formatted text.允许程序读写格式化文本。
• I/O from the Command Line来自命令行的I/O describes the Standard Streams and the Console object.描述标准流和控制台对象。
• Data Streams数据流 handle binary I/O of primitive data type and String values.处理基本数据类型和String值的二进制I/O。
• Object Streams对象流 handle binary I/O of objects.处理对象的二进制I/O。

File I/O (Featuring NIO.2)文件I/O（以NIO.2为特色）

• What is a Path?什么是路径？ examines the concept of a path on a file system.检查文件系统上路径的概念。
• The Path Class路径类 introduces the cornerstone class of the java.nio.file package.介绍java.nio.file包的基石类。
• Path Operations路径操作 looks at methods in the Path class that deal with syntactic operations.查看Path类中处理语法操作的方法。
• File Operations文件操作 introduces concepts common to many of the file I/O methods.介绍许多文件I/O方法的通用概念。
• Checking a File or Directory检查文件或目录 shows how to check a file's existence and its level of accessibility.显示如何检查文件'；s的存在及其可访问性水平。
• Deleting a File or Directory删除文件或目录.
• Copying a File or Directory复制文件或目录.
• Moving a File or Directory移动文件或目录.
• Managing Metadata管理元数据 explains how to read and set file attributes.说明如何读取和设置文件属性。
• Reading, Writing and Creating Files读取、写入和创建文件 shows the stream and channel methods for reading and writing files.显示用于读取和写入文件的流和通道方法。
• Random Access Files随机存取文件 shows how to read or write files in a non-sequentially manner.显示如何以非顺序方式读取或写入文件。
• Creating and Reading Directories创建和读取目录 covers API specific to directories, such as how to list a directory's contents.介绍特定于目录的API，例如如何列出目录的内容。
• Links, Symbolic or Otherwise链接，符号或其他 covers issues specific to symbolic and hard links.涵盖特定于符号链接和硬链接的问题。
• Walking the File Tree遍历文件树 demonstrates how to recursively visit each file and directory in a file tree.演示如何递归访问文件树中的每个文件和目录。
• Finding Files查找文件 shows how to search for files using pattern matching.显示如何使用模式匹配搜索文件。
• Watching a Directory for Changes监视目录中的更改 shows how to use the watch service to detect files that are added, removed or updated in one or more directories.演示如何使用监视服务检测在一个或多个目录中添加、删除或更新的文件。
• Other Useful Methods其他有用的方法 covers important API that didn't fit elsewhere in the lesson.涵盖了重要的API，这些API没有'；我不适合这节课的其他地方。
• Legacy File I/O Code遗留文件I/O代码 shows how to leverage Path functionality if you have older code using the java.io.File class.显示了如果您有使用java.io.File类的旧代码，如何利用Path功能。A table mapping java.io.File API to java.nio.file API is provided.提供了一个将java.io.File API映射到java.nio.file API的表。

Summary小结

A summary of the key points covered in this trail.本课程中涵盖的关键点的小结。

Questions and Exercises问题和练习

Test what you've learned in this trail by trying these questions and exercises.通过尝试以下问题和练习，测试您在这一过程中学到的知识。

The I/O Classes in ActionI/O类实操

Many of the examples in the next trail, Custom Networking use the I/O streams described in this lesson to read from and write to network connections.在下一部分中的许多示例中，自定义网络使用本课程中描述的I/O流来读取和写入网络连接。