High Level Concurrency Objects高级并发对象

So far, this lesson has focused on the low-level APIs that have been part of the Java platform from the very beginning. 到目前为止，本课程的重点是从一开始就属于Java平台的低级API。These APIs are adequate for very basic tasks, but higher-level building blocks are needed for more advanced tasks. 这些API适用于非常基本的任务，但更高级的任务需要更高级的构建块。This is especially true for massively concurrent applications that fully exploit today's multiprocessor and multi-core systems.这对于充分利用当今多处理器和多核系统的大规模并发应用程序尤其如此。

In this section we'll look at some of the high-level concurrency features introduced with version 5.0 of the Java platform. 在本节中，我们将介绍Java平台5.0版引入的一些高级并发特性。Most of these features are implemented in the new java.util.concurrent packages. 这些特性中的大多数是在新的java.util.concurrent包中实现的。There are also new concurrent data structures in the Java Collections Framework.Java集合框架中还有新的并发数据结构。

• Lock objects support locking idioms that simplify many concurrent applications.锁对象支持简化许多并发应用程序的锁定习惯用法。
• Executors define a high-level API for launching and managing threads. 执行器定义用于启动和管理线程的高级API。Executor implementations provided by java.util.concurrent provide thread pool management suitable for large-scale applications.java.util.concurrent提供的执行器实现提供了适用于大规模应用程序的线程池管理。
• Concurrent collections make it easier to manage large collections of data, and can greatly reduce the need for synchronization.并发集合使管理大型数据集合变得更容易，并且可以大大减少同步的需要。
• Atomic variables have features that minimize synchronization and help avoid memory consistency errors.原子变量具有最小化同步并帮助避免内存一致性错误的功能。
• ThreadLocalRandom (in JDK 7) provides efficient generation of pseudo-random numbers from multiple threads.ThreadLocalRandom（在JDK 7中）提供了从多个线程高效生成伪随机数的功能。